. .и http://www.backchina.com/blog/334966/article-183330.html.google и
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很多歹徒都知道华人家中多有现金财物,而且华人性格温顺不善反抗,抢劫华人往往作案成本低风险小且容易得手。一厢情愿破财消灾的想法,让咱们成为easy target也是不争的事实。遇到入室抢劫基本有三种选择:逃跑(retreat),反抗和顺从。逃跑是首选,能安全逃出房子是上上策,但别忘了报警。万一逃不走或者家中有小孩,那就只有反抗或者索性投降。根据FBI的数据,投降的死亡率反而比反抗的要高。或许现在的贼更不讲什么道义,都是些不折不扣的懦夫,见到软柿子就更加变本加利。.
根据“城堡法”,我们可以为维护自己的生命、财产进行暴力抵抗。“城堡法”指的是公民在自己家里没有退缩的义务,可以为自己人生安全进行暴力抗。“城堡法”的限度是,只能在“城堡”范围内使用枪械(一般指住房,一些州会扩展到自用车,乃至合法使用的工作场所等)。依据“城堡法”,使用枪械要注意以下几点(教官反反复复强调):
1. 取得枪战胜利的最好方法,就是不要卷入枪战,能逃出房子尽量外逃。. Waral dи,
2. 不要向罪犯展示枪械,你出枪的时候,就是你开枪之时。
3. 尽管你无须“退让”,但有机会还是要retreat到你的safe room,堵上门,take cover, 做好射击准备。
4. 打911,整个过程不要挂电话。911都有录音。
5. 高喊 “Stop! Go Away! Police is on the way! I have gun, don't make me shoot you!" 隔门喊,911会录音,多喊几遍。
6. 万一破门,那就是你死我活,见人就开枪,不要再废话。Shoot to stop! 绝不放弃,直到对方逃走或倒下。
7. 严格听从911的指挥。警察来时,放下武器举起双手。
8. 只需要告诉警察,对方入侵威胁,我是屋主。多言无益,找律师。
9. 告诉警察你呼吸困难,身体不适。警察会联系救护车,乘机冷静头脑。
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The actor's belief that the force was immediately necessary as described by
this subsection is presumed to be reasonable if the actor:
(1) knew or had reason to believe that the person against whom the force
was used:
(A) unlawfully and with force entered, or was attempting to enter
unlawfully and with force, the actor's occupied habitation, vehicle, or
place of business or employment;
(B) unlawfully and with force removed, or was attempting to remove ..
unlawfully and with force, the actor from the actor's habitation, vehicle,
or place of business or employment; or. 1point3acres
(C) was committing or attempting to commit aggravated kidnapping, murder, .
sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault, robbery, or aggravated robbery;.--
(2) did not provoke the person against whom the force was used; and
(3) was not otherwise engaged in criminal activity, other than a Class C . .и
misdemeanor that is a violation of a law or ordinance regulating traffic at
the time the force was used.. Waral dи,
(e) A person who has a right to be present at the location where the force
is used, who has not provoked the person against whom the force is used, and
who is not engaged in criminal activity at the time the force is used is
not required to retreat before using force as described by this section
Texas城堡法民事责任免除条款:
CPRC §83.001. CIVIL IMMUNITY. A defendant who uses force or deadly force that is justified under Chapter 9, Penal Code, (JUSTIFICATION EXCLUDING CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY) is immune from civil liability for personal injury or death that results from the defendant’s use of force or deadly force, as applicable.
典型的城堡法是同时免去自卫者的刑事和民事责任的,所谓Make-My-Day Law,只要我开枪符合法律原则,就不会承担不利后果。加州人如果在家中开枪自卫若有瑕疵,即使地检署不追究你的刑事责任,入侵者家属仍然可以提出民事赔偿诉求。不管是赢是输是和解,这种标的很大的官司打起来都足以让一般人倾家荡产。所以198和197条款的保护不完整,加州总体上并不鼓励民众开枪自卫。Oakland是北加州犯罪率最高的城市,市警就宣导:"If someone wants to rob you, don't fight them and let them have what they want. Be a better witness to the crime, we need you for that."
In the United States, stand-your-ground law removes a duty to retreat from the elements self-defense. Under such laws, there is no duty to retreat from anywhere the defender may legally be. Other restrictions may still exist; such as when in public, a person must be carrying firearms in a legal manner, whether concealed or openly.
. 1point 3acres
Texas adopted both Castle law and Stand-your-ground law