arguement51The following appeared in a medical newsletter.
"Doctors have long suspected that secondary infections may keep some patients from healing quickly after severe muscle strain. This hypothesis has now been proved by preliminary results of a study of two groups of patients. The first group of patients, all being treated for muscle injuries by Dr. Newland, a doctor who specializes in sports medicine, took antibiotics regularly throughout their treatment. Their recuperation time was, on average, 40 percent quicker than typically expected. Patients in the second group, all being treated by Dr. Alton, a general physician, were given sugar pills, although the patients believed they were taking antibiotics. Their average recuperation time was not significantly reduced. Therefore, all patients who are diagnosed with muscle strain would be well advised to take antibiotics as part of their treatment“
这个题目,我会分成3快
第一是前提:Doctors have long suspected that secondary infections may keep some patients from healing quickly after severe muscle strain
第二是结论:Therefore, all patients who are diagnosed with muscle strain would be well advised to take antibiotics as part of their treatment. From 1point 3acres bbs
剩下来的都是论据。
但是请分清楚这些都是谁的论据,他们都是用来证明“This hypothesis has now been proved by preliminary results of a study of two groups of patients.”的. .и
那换言之,就是前提的论据。
前提:Doctors have long suspected that secondary infections may keep some patients from healing quickly after severe muscle strain
结论:Therefore, all patients who are diagnosed with muscle strain would be well advised to take antibiotics as part of their treatment
那这3个点攻击完了,这个主逻辑层次攻击完了
怎么着至少攻击了2段了吧?如果你愿意此刻攻击了3段了
接着是什么?接着才是那2个病患组的攻击,也就是攻击他的前提了
想怎么攻击怎么攻击
但是不知道你们发现了没有,不管你怎么攻击这个证据,顶多也就是个information too vague,没有能重伤这个文章让别人怀疑的能力。
. check 1point3acres for more.
而我们最开始的攻击,相对于前者,可以说就是招招致命,让人足够怀疑了。
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所以,大家要分清楚,攻击是有主次的,攻击不同的逻辑层次产生的效力也是完全不一样的。不要觉得什么地方好写,就多写。什么错误先出现就先写。
很有可能最后出现的错误就是最致命的错误。. check 1point3acres for more.
同时也请大家注意读题目,先要把题目句子间的逻辑顺序搞清了,前提和结论都好好的仔细读。总会有收获的。
自从写了上个帖子,
http://bbs.gter.net/bbs/viewthre ... type%26typeid%3D100
很多朋友都给我发信问问题. check 1point3acres for more.
也都很苦恼怎么才能写好
. From 1point 3acres bbs我帮着改作文的同学,也似乎只是稍微有所长进
离最后的熟练差别很大. .и
Argument17: The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Walnut Grove town newspaper.
'Walnut Grove's town council has advocated switching from EZ Disposal (which has had the contract for trash collection services in Walnut Grove for the past ten years) to ABC Waste, because EZ recently raised its monthly fee from $2,000 to $2,500 a month, whereas ABC's fee is still $2,000. But the town council is mistaken; we should continue using EZ. EZ collects trash twice a week, while ABC collects only once. Moreover, EZ—which, like ABC, currently has a fleet of 20 trucks—has ordered additional trucks. Finally, EZ provides exceptional service: 80 percent of respondents to last year's town survey agreed that they were 'satisfied' with EZ's performance.'. 1point 3 acres
攻击的3段内容是:. check 1point3acres for more.
1。 the arguer fails to provide necessary and confident evidence about whether the residents of Walnut Grove care more about the frequency of the trash collection than the amount of money they paid
2。the fact that EZ has ordered additional trucks tells us little about EZ’s performance
3。the argument depends on a survey that 80 percent of respondents to last year’s town survey agreed that they were ‘satisfied’ with EZ’s performance.
这个文章的逻辑链是什么???
我同学,说的很简单
结论:we should continue using EZ
证据1:EZ collects trash twice a week, while ABC collects only once
证据2:EZ—which, like ABC, currently has a fleet of 20 trucks—has ordered additional trucks
证据3:80 percent of respondents to last year's town survey agreed that they were 'satisfied' with EZ's performance.
.google и----------------------------------------------------------------------. 1point 3 acres
. 1point3acres
那怎么找?我的方法就是顺着逻辑链,顺藤摸瓜
这个地方我再贴下文章原文
'Walnut Grove's town council has advocated switching from EZ Disposal (which has had the contract for trash collection services in Walnut Grove for the past ten years) to ABC Waste, because EZ recently raised its monthly fee from $2,000 to $2,500 a month, whereas ABC's fee is still $2,000. But the town council is mistaken; we should continue using EZ. EZ collects trash twice a week, while ABC collects only once. Moreover, EZ—which, like ABC, currently has a fleet of 20 trucks—has ordered additional trucks. Finally, EZ provides exceptional service: 80 percent of respondents to last year's town survey agreed that they were 'satisfied' with EZ's performance.'
首先有一点是非常明确的
文章的结论是:But the town council is mistaken; we should continue using EZ.
结论后面的3个证据是很明显的。但是正如我上个文章所说,关键不是看出来这个是证据,而是看出来,它们是谁的证据!!!. 1point 3 acres
http://bbs.gter.net/bbs/viewthre ... type%26typeid%3D100
接着就是前面一大块。
顺藤摸瓜。。。更确切的说是,顺瓜摸藤.google и
结果我知道了,TC(town council)错了,我们应该选EZ
那为什么说TC错了呢?前面明明有说TC为什么不选EZ的理由啊
仔细一看,hoho,发现一根藤!!!隐含前提1”EZ高价是有道理的“
突然发现,那三个证据,能对上了。.
总览下全文”TC提倡找abc收垃圾,而不是之前收了10年的ez,因为ez手费太高。但是[结论],他们错了,我们还是应该找ez。为什么呢?因为隐含前提——ez高价有道理啊。为什么有道理呢?理由1,一周收2次;理由2,车子多;理由3,客户满意率高“ 这个时候又能突然找到点亮光,你会发现作者说ABC每周收一次,EZ收两次的”言下之意“了——如果要ABC收两次的,很有可能是4000块钱一个月!!!比EZ收费高多了。
.1point3acres
很欣慰,我两个同学中的一个找到了这个前提。但是,这个并不是我们要网的最大的鱼!
那哪条才是最大的鱼呢???
继续往上摸藤。
“TC提倡找abc收垃圾,而不是之前收了10年的ez,因为ez手费太高。但是[结论],他们错了,我们还是应该找ez。为什么呢?因为隐含前提——ez高价有道理啊。”. check 1point3acres for more.
大家发现没有,要整个逻辑链成立,还有个前提,而且是个大前提!!!
那就是“TC之所以要提倡ABC收垃圾,而不是EZ,仅仅是因为EZ的收费高,而没有其他原因!!!”这个就是最大的问题根节所在。
重新理下这个题目。
TC做了个决定,选EZ而不选ABC,就是因为EZ价格高[隐含前提1]。但是TC错了,我们应该选EZ。为什么说他们错呢?因为EZ收费价格高是合理的[隐含前提2]。证据1,2,3。
第一个回答,是不是很有点无理取闹的意思?. From 1point 3acres bbs
只是擦边球打下,对于EZ刚才说的话,没有多大合理的辩驳
argument56
Collectors prize the ancient life-size clay statues of human figures made on Kali Island but have long wondered how the Kalinese artists were able to depict bodies with such realistic precision. Since archeologists have recently discovered molds of human heads and hands on Kali, we can now conclude that the ancient Kalinese artists used molds of actual bodies, not sculpting tools and techniques, to create these statues. This discovery explains why Kalinese miniature statues were abstract and entirely different in style: molds could only be used for life-size sculptures. It also explains why few ancient Kalinese sculpting tools have been found. In light of this development, collectors should expect the life-size sculptures to decrease in value and the miniatures to increase in value.
我同学认为结论是:
The author concludes that the ancient Kalinese(K) artists used molds of actual bodies, not sculpting tools and techniques to create status because archeologists have recently discovered molds of human heads and hands on Kali.
. 1point 3 acres
给出的是这样的攻击顺序:
First of all, the precondition of the conclusion that the discovery of molds of human heads and hands does not validate the assumption that the ancient Kalinese(K) artists used molds of actual bodies, not sculpting tools and techniques to create status.
Secondly, the author concludes that since molds could only be used for life-size sculptures Kalinese miniature statues were abstract and entirely different in style too hastily.
In the third place, based on the fact that few ancient Kalinese sculpting tools have been found the author infers that the ancient Kalinese(K) artists did not use sculpting tools and techniques to create status.
到这里有同学肯定会问我,为什么不是那个模具的地方是作者的结论?或者说,那个地方起码是一个结论,而我给的是另一个。
那么我请问,作者说的,题目中的第一句话是什么意思?如果说,conclude那句是(主)结论,那么我为什么要说第一句话?我不说,不也一样可以么?
反过来,如果是最后句话,那第一句话就很有意义了,因为他确定了作者的写作意图,他是要给收藏家建议的,所以他会从收藏家的传统观点出发,开始写这个文章。.google и