英语学习笔记

我觉得我们以前的读音规则基本不能判断一个陌生词的发音，现在重新学习phonics rules， 可能需要data-driven analysis.

最最重要的一个就是如何断多音节的词。以下两种方法真是从结论出发， 无规律可循，

ba-sic  ba ends with a vowel a as in acorn.

pan-ic  pan ends with a consonant n so the vowel a is as apple.  

Choose the Right Synonym for discuss
DISCUSS, ARGUE, DEBATE mean to discourse about in order to reach conclusions or to convince. DISCUSS implies a sifting of possibilities especially by presenting considerations pro and con.  discussed the need for a new highway  ARGUE implies the offering of reasons or evidence in support of convictions already held. argued that the project would be too costly  DEBATE suggests formal or public argument between opposing parties  debated the merits of the amendment  ; it may also apply to deliberation with oneself.  I'm debating whether I should go

DISCUSS, ARGUE, and DEBATE mean to talk about something in order to reach a decision or to convince someone of a point of view. DISCUSS is used when there is an exchange of ideas.  We will discuss plans for the school picnic.  ARGUE is used when evidence or reasons for or against something are given.  She argued for the need for more hospitals.  DEBATE is used when there is an argument between opposing persons or groups according to rules and often before an audience.  The candidates will debate on TV.

https://macmillanmh.com/ccssread ... 2a_l1a_1.htmlClosed Syllables A closed syllable is a syllable that ends with a consonant. The words fan, am, and left have closed syllables. Multisyllabic words have closed syllables too. For example, a two-syllable word with the vowel-consonant-consonant-vowel pattern may have one or two closed syllables. You can divide the word by syllables between the two consonants.  swallow—swal low       hotdog—hot dog  happen—hap pen        problem—prob lem               A two-syllable word can also have the vowel-consonant/vowel pattern, or VC/V. river—riv er       cover—cov er  robin—rob in     planet—plan et               When you are ready, follow the link below to practice identifying closed syllables.

补充内容 (2019-1-11 03:30):
Not sure how to edit or delete.

https://macmillanmh.com/ccssreading/imagineit/grade4/ccslh_g4_fs_3_1_2a_l1a_1.html

Closed Syllables
A closed syllable is a syllable that ends with a consonant. The words fan, am, and left have closed syllables.
Multisyllabic words have closed syllables too. For example, a two-syllable word with the vowel-consonant-consonant-vowel pattern may have one or two closed syllables. You can divide the word by syllables between the two consonants.

swallow—swal low       hotdog—hot dog

happen—hap pen        problem—prob lem

           
A two-syllable word can also have the vowel-consonant/vowel pattern, or VC/V.
river—riv er       cover—cov er

robin—rob in     planet—plan et


         
When you are ready, follow the link below to practice identifying closed syllables.

Based on what I saw online, the first scenario is more common, i.e., the middle consonant goes with the second syllable and makes the first syllable an open syllable = the first vowel says its name if the first syllable is accented.

In sum,  the rule is to divide VCV if the first syllable is accented as V/CV = (Consonant) + Vowel 1 (says its name if accented) / Middle Consonant + Vowel 2 + (Consonant)

The beginning consonants and ending consonants are optional.  

For example:

A-corn
A-men
A- nal
A-nus
BA-by
BA-sic
E-ven
E-vil
HU-mid
I-tem
ME-ter
MI-nus
MO-tel
TU-lip
O-mit
O-pen
O-zone
PU-pil
RO-tate
U-nit
U-nite

The rule:  VCV = V/CV  - so V1 says it name (accented long sound) like a as in acorn, e as eel , i as in ice, o as in open, and u as in universe.  

The exception to the rule: VCV = VC/V - so V1 has its short sound like a as in apple, e as in egg, i as in igloo, o as in octopus, and u as in umbrella.

For example, the exceptions can be remembered:
Choc-o-late NOT Cho-co-late   

Difficult words with silent sounds -

Many, many times I have confused people by pronouncing sounds that should have not been pronounced.  These words are difficult to understand because they have silent sounds.  We are taught to sound out each letter; however, English pronunciation is not logical, and can be confusing.

Silent p

raspberry - \ˈraz-ˌber-ē,\
receipt -  \ri-ˈsēt\

More often than not, we probably will sound out p if we have never heard about these words pronounced by native speakers.

silent t

castle
Christmas
often
-baidu 1point3acresfasten
. .иhasten
glisten
listen
moisten
.1point3acresapostle
nestle
thistle
whistle
wrestle
mortgage  \ˈmȯr-gij\

Silent l
calf (/caf/)
half (/haf/)

almond (\ˈä-mənd\)

calm (/ca: (l) m/)
balm (/ba: (l) m/)
palm (/pa: (l) m/)
salmon (/samon/)
qualm (\ˈkwäm\)

would (/wud/)
could (/cud/)
should (/shud/)

walk (/wawk/)
talk (/tawk/)
stalk
chalk
caulk
balk

folk (/fok/)
yolk (\ˈyōk\)


补充内容 (2019-2-16 01:27):
wal·​nut | \ ˈwȯl-(ˌ)nət  \  l is not silent.

However, cold/sold/told/scold - /old/; bald - /bawld/; bolster -  \ˈbōl-stər\)

Ski not skate

Blush 腮红

今天和人谈起假期计划，提到ski,  人提议skate park.  看来an ending EE sound 和 an AY sound 分不清。

举一反三，列一下我想到和查到的words with an ending EE sound

Baby = Bay- bee

Berry cherry

Funny Bunny

candy = can-dee

easy = EE-see

Key = KEE

happy = hap-pee

lucky = luk-ee

puppy = pup-pee

pretty = pret-tee

see v say

ski = SkEE!!!!!

study = stud-ee

silly = sil-Lee

sorry = Sor-rEE

tree = TrEE

ugly = ug-lee

Foggy

Windy

Sunny





补充内容 (2019-1-16 02:45):
crummy
yummy
belly
crappy
nappy
kinky

study