Transportation Ph.D 部分院校信息整理（造福后世）

4、普渡
https://engineering.purdue.edu/C ... sportation/facstaff

Jon D. Fricker
Professor of Civil Engineering
https://engineering.purdue.edu/C ... show_publications=1

Paper:
Reverse-engineered land use patterns to minimize congestion
A neighborhood land use pattern designed to accommodate the most frequently taken nonwork trips within an acceptable distance from home was developed. Instead of starting from a specified set of land uses and studying the travel characteristics, mixed land use patterns that fit the observed trip-making behavior of people were formulated. The result is called a reverse-engineered neighborhood, or REM The PEN was tested against a Euclidean development that had separated land uses. Results show a substantial reduction in nonwoik trip lengths (in terms of both travel time and distance) in the REN compared with the Euclidean development. The efficiency of the REN is the result of having more trip destination choices available to residents at acceptable distances. The procedures in the analysis are described and demonstrated, the results of the analysis are presented, and directions for further study are suggested.

5、明尼苏达大学
Henry Liu  http://www.ce.umn.edu/directory/faculty/liu.html （Ran Bin教授弟子）
. 1point 3 acresAssociate Professor
Henry Liu's research is in the areas of traffic network monitoring, modeling, and control. His recent work has focused on traffic flow modeling and simulation, traffic signal control and optimization, traffic management under network disruptions, and equilibrium traffic assignment. His work on traffic signal data collection and performance measurement has been patented and licensed to a private firm for commercialization. He is currently involved in research on energy-efficient traffic control systems.

Modeling the day-to-day traffic evolution process after an unexpected network disruption
Although various approaches have been proposed for modeling day-to-day traffic flow evolution, none of them, to the best of our knowledge, have been validated for disrupted networks due to the lack of empirical observations. By carefully studying the driving behavioral changes after the collapse of I-35W Mississippi River Bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota, we found that most of the existing day-to-day traffic assignment models would not be suitable for modeling the traffic evolution under network disruption, because they assume that drivers' travel cost perception depends solely on their experiences from previous days. When a significant network change occurs unexpectedly, travelers' past experience on a traffic network may not be entirely useful because the unexpected network change could disturb the traffic greatly. To remedy this, in this paper, we propose a prediction-correction model to describe the traffic equilibration process. A "predicted" flow pattern is constructed inside the model to accommodate the imperfect perception of congestion that is gradually corrected by actual travel experiences. We also prove rigorously that, under mild assumptions, the proposed prediction-correction process has the user equilibrium flow as a globally attractive point. The proposed model is calibrated and validated with the field data collected after the collapse of I-35W Bridge. This study bridges the gap between theoretical modeling and practical applications of day-to-day traffic equilibration approaches and furthers the understanding of traffic equilibration process after network disruption.

The traffic and behavioral effects of the I-35W Mississippi River bridge collapse
On August 1, 2007, the collapse of the I-35W bridge over the Mississippi River in Minneapolis abruptly interrupted the usual route of about 140,000 daily vehicle trips, which substantially disturbed regular traffic flow patterns on the network. It took several weeks for the network to re-equilibrate, during which period travelers continued to learn and adjust their travel decisions. A good understanding of this process is crucial for traffic management and the design of mitigation schemes. Data from loop-detectors, bus ridership statistics, and a survey are analyzed and compared, revealing the evolving traffic reactions to the bridge collapse and how individual choices could help to explain such dynamics. Findings on short-term traffic dynamics and behavioral reactions to this major network disruption have important implications for traffic management in response to future scenarios.

6、西北大学
Yu (Marco) Nie, Ph.D.  http://www.civil.northwestern.edu/people/profiles/nie.html （又一中国牛人）
Associate Professor 
Network optimization; traffic flow theory; traffic simulation

Shortest path problem considering on-time arrival probability
This paper studies the problem of finding a priori shortest paths to guarantee a given likelihood of arriving on-time in a stochastic network. Such "reliable" paths help travelers better plan their trips to prepare for the risk of running late in the face of stochastic travel times. Optimal solutions to the problem can be obtained from local-reliable paths, which are a set of non-dominated paths under first-order stochastic dominance. We show that Bellman's principle of optimality can be applied to construct local-reliable paths. Acyclicity of local-reliable paths is established and used for proving finite convergence of solution procedures. The connection between the a priori path problem and the corresponding adaptive routing problem is also revealed. A label-correcting algorithm is proposed and its complexity is analyzed. A pseudo-polynomial approximation is proposed based on extreme-dominance. An extension that allows travel time distribution functions to vary over time is also discussed. We show that the time-dependent problem is decomposable with respect to arrival times and therefore can be solved as easily as its static counterpart. Numerical results are provided using typical transportation networks.

A local synchronization control scheme for congested interchange areas in a freeway corridor
Congestion that initiates at closely spaced highway junctions and intersections, particularly freeway interchange areas, may spread and severely degrade the operational efficiency of the whole network if not handled in a timely and proper manner. A local synchronization traffic control scheme is proposed to manage queues at those critical locations through coordination of neighboring intersection traffic signals and freeway onramp meters. By reducing the amount of traffic feeding into and increasing the amount of traffic discharging from heavily queued sections, the scheme can prevent a queue from evolving into gridlock and thus improve overall system performance. With the help of a network kinematic wave traffic flow model, the local synchronization scheme is implemented and tested on a computer for two sample networks, one small synthetic corridor network and one large, real corridor network. The numerical results indicate that this control scheme can improve the overall operational efficiency in both corridors considerably, with as much as 50% travel time savings. This control scheme appears to perform best under incident conditions and, somewhat surprisingly, compares favorably with a more complex global optimal control scheme.

7、马里兰大学
Lei Zhang http://www.lei.umd.edu/research/index.html （年轻，感觉不错）
Assistant Professor
Research Interests
Land Use, Transportation, and Environmental Planning
Integrated models of land use, transportation, and environment
Transportation impact and policy analysis
Travel behavior and activity/agent-based demand modeling
Sustainability, energy, and green house gas emissions
Transportation Economics and Policy
Economic evaluation of projects, programs, and policies
Value pricing, managed lanes, mileage fees, taxation
Multimodal transportation investment, public-private partnerships
Freight models and economics
Systems Operations and Management
Freeway management, traveler information systems
Integration of operations and planning
Quantitative Methods
Mathematical and large-scale simulation modeling
Data analysis and statistical/econometric methods
Projects:
http://www.lei.umd.edu/projects/index.html
Agent-based approach for integrated diver and traveler behavior modeling: Theory, methodology, and applications to transportation systems management and investment planning

Paper:
http://apps.webofknowledge.com/s ... ;search_mode=Refine
Investing for reliability and security in transportation networks
Alternative transportation investment policies can lead to very different network forms in the future. The desirability of a transportation network should be assessed not only by its economic efficiency but also by its reliability and security, because the cost of an incidental capacity loss in a road network can be massive. This research concerns how investment rules shape the hierarchical structure of roads and affect network fragility to natural disasters, congestion, and accidents and vulnerability to targeted attacks. A microscopic network growth model predicts the equilibrium road networks under two alternative policy scenarios: investment based on benefit-cost analysis and investment based on bottleneck removal. A set of Monte Carlo simulation runs, in which a certain percentage of links was removed according to the type of network degradation analyzed, was carried out to evaluate the equilibrium road networks. It was found that a hierarchy existed in road networks for reasons such as economic efficiency but that an overly hierarchical structure had serious reliability problems. Throughout the equilibrating or evolution process, the grid network studied under benefit-cost analysis had better efficiency performance, as well as error and attack tolerance. The paper demonstrates that reliability and security considerations can be integrated into the planning of transportation systems.

8、UIUC
Yanfeng Ouyang  http://cee.illinois.edu/faculty/yanfengouyang
Assistant Professor
Transportation & Supply Network Operations, Logistics Systems, Infrastructure System Management, Transportation Safety, Traffic Flow.

Paper:
http://apps.webofknowledge.com/s ... _mode=GeneralSearch
A structured flexible transit system for low demand areas
Public transit structure is traditionally designed to contain fixed bus routes and predetermined bus stations. This paper presents an alternative flexible-route transit system, in which each bus is allowed to travel across a predetermined area to serve passengers, while these bus service areas collectively form a hybrid "grand" structure that resembles hub-and-spoke and grid networks. We analyze the agency and user cost components of this proposed system in idealized square cities and seek the optimum network layout, service area of each bus, and bus headway, to minimize the total system cost. We compare the performance of the proposed transit system with those of comparable systems (e.g., fixed-route transit network and taxi service), and show how each system is advantageous under certain passenger demand levels. It is found out that under low-to-moderate demand levels, the proposed flexible-route system tends to have the lowest system cost.

Measurement and estimation of traffic oscillation properties
The paper proposes a frequency spectrum analysis approach to improve measurements of traffic oscillation properties (e.g., periodicity. magnitude) from field data. The approach builds on standard signal processing techniques to effectively distinguish useful oscillation information from noise and nonstationary traffic trends. Compared with conventional time-domain methods, the proposed methodology systematically provides a range of information on oscillation properties. This paper also shows how to estimate oscillations experienced by drivers using detector data. Applications to real-world data from two sites show that the dominant oscillation period remains relatively invariant at each site when an oscillation propagates. Although the average oscillation periods displayed in detector data significantly vary across sites. the range of oscillations experienced by drivers are found to be more consistent.

9、佛吉尼亚理工大学
http://www.tise.cee.vt.edu/people/faculty_member.html

Montasir Abbas http://www.cee.vt.edu/people/abbas.html
Real-time traffic control, traffic flow theory, Driver Behavior, ITS, transportation modeling and safety, artificial intelligence, and systems optimization.

Paper:
A Heuristic Approach for Selecting Highway Investment Alternatives
A heuristic approach is developed for systemwide highway project selection. It can assess changes in total project benefits using different project implementation options under budget uncertainty and identify the best option to achieve maximized total benefits. The proposed approach consists of a stochastic model formulated as the zero/one integer doubly constrained multidimensional knapsack problem and an efficient heuristic solution algorithm developed using the Lagrange relaxation technique. A method is also introduced to improve the upper bound for the objective function by simultaneously changing multiple Lagrange multipliers. The approach is applied in a computational study to obtain a comprehensive highway investment plan for a State-maintained highway system in the United States.

Highway Project Level Life-Cycle Benefit/Cost Analysis under Certainty, Risk, and Uncertainty: Methodology with Case Study
One of the key steps in the highway investment decision-making process is to conduct project evaluation. The existing project level life-cycle cost analysis approaches for estimating project benefits maintain limited capacity of probabilistic risk assessments of input factors such as highway agency costs, traffic growth rates, and discount rates. However, they do not explicitly address cases where those factors are under uncertainty with no definable probability distributions. This paper introduces an uncertainty-based methodology for highway project level life-cycle benefit/cost analysis that handles certainty, risk, and uncertainty inherited with input factors for the computation. A case study is conducted to assess impacts of risk and uncertainty considerations on estimating project benefits and on network-level project selection. First, data on system preservation and expansion, usage, and candidate projects for state highway programming are used to compute project benefits using deterministic, risk-based, and uncertainty-based analysis approaches, respectively. Then, the three sets of estimated project benefits are implemented in a stochastic optimization model for project selection. Significant differences are revealed with and without uncertainty considerations.

10、南加州大学
Randolph W. Hall  http://www.usc.edu/dept/ise/directory/randolph_hall.htm
Professor, Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering
Transportation operations and logistics; maintenance, routing, scheduling and system design.
Efficiency and effectiveness of health care delivery.
System architecture and analysis for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS).
Queuing analysis, delay reduction and time - based completion.
Paper:
http://apps.webofknowledge.com/s ... _mode=GeneralSearch
Buses as a traffic probe - Demonstration project
The congestion probe feature of the Orange County Transportation Authority (California) bus probe project was evaluated by comparing automobile and bus trajectories and examining alternative congestion detection methods. The focus was city streets on which delays occur at signalized intersections and bus delays at bus stops. The analysis revealed that when automobiles have long delays, buses traveling nearby on the same route are also likely to be delayed. The reverse situation, however, is not always true, because buses frequently wait for extended periods when they run ahead of schedule. Any useful bus probe algorithm needs to distinguish between actual congestion and a stopping delay. Although the transit probe was designed to measure congestion on roadway segments, a more useful approach would be to measure congestion approaching major intersections, where delays are likely to occur. Moreover, because delays randomly fluctuate according to a vehicle's arrival time relative to the signal cycle, the most sensible approach is to set off a "congestion alarm" when a vehicle is delayed by more than one cycle at an intersection. A congestion alarm would indicate oversaturation and delay well above normal.

 Performance and design of mobility allowance shuttle transit services: Bounds on the maximum longitudinal velocity
We develop bounds on the maximum longitudinal velocity to evaluate the performance and help the design of mobility allowance shuttle transit (MAST) services. MAST is a new concept in transportation that merges the flexibility of demand responsive transit (DRT) systems with the low-cost operability of fixed-route bus systems. A MAST system allows buses to deviate from the fixed path so that customers within the service area may be picked up or dropped off at their desired locations. However, the main purpose of these services should still be to transport customers along a primary direction. The velocity along this direction should remain above a minimum threshold value to maintain the service attractive to customers. We use continuous approximations to compute lower and upper bounds. The resulting narrow gap between them under realistic operating conditions allows us to evaluate the service in terms of velocity and capacity versus demand. The results show that a two-vehicle system, with selected widths of the service area of 0.5 miles and 1 mile, is able to serve, respectively, a demand of at least 10 and 7 customers per longitudinal mile of the service area while maintaining a reasonable forward progression velocity of about 10 miles/hour. The relationships obtained can be helpful in the design of MAST systems to set the main parameters of the service, such as slack time and headway.

11、佛罗里达大学
Yafeng Yin, Ph.D.   http://www.ce.ufl.edu/~yafeng/  
Associate Professor

Transportation Network Modeling
Highway Traffic Operations
Transit Planning and Operations
Infrastructure Asset Management
Assessments and Evaluations of Intelligent Transportation Systems Technologies

Paper:
http://apps.webofknowledge.com/s ... G.A&showFirstPage=1
Internalizing emission externality on road networks
This paper addresses issues relevant to internalizing traffic emission externality on road networks with fixed travel demands. In addition to marginal social cost pricing (MSC) congestion pricing schemes are considered that yield a traffic flow distribution with minimum total travel time as first-best. We give a counterexample showing that MSC and other first-best congestion pricing schemes do not necessarily lead to less traffic emissions. Without using any subsidy, we indicate that there always exists a charging scheme that induces a traffic flow distribution with minimum emissions. We also provide a bound on the percent reduction in traffic emissions achievable by any charging scheme, and then offer methods for computing charges in a manner that allows decision makers to trade-off between two conflicting objectives, alleviating congestion versus reducing traffic emissions.

Robust improvement schemes for road networks under demand uncertainty
This paper is concerned with development of improvement schemes for road networks under future travel demand Uncertainty. Three optimization models, sensitivity-based, scenario-based and min-max, are proposed for determining robust optimal improvement schemes that make system performance insensitive to realizations of uncertain demands or allow the system to perform better against the worst-case demand scenario. Numerical examples and simulation tests are presented to demonstrate and validate the proposed models.

Estimating investment requirement for maintaining and improving highway systems
This paper presents an integrated and robust approach for estimating the investment necessary to maintain or improve the future levels of service and pavement conditions of facilities in a highway network. The approach is based on robust optimization and assumes that future travel demands and facility conditions are uncertain but confined to an ellipsoidal uncertainty region and traffic flows on the underlying network are in user equilibrium. The problem is formulated as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints and solved via a cutting plane algorithm. Numerical results from the Sioux Falls network suggest that the approach can potentially address realistic networks.

很有用的信息！