那么如何定义一份“不拉跨”的申请呢？我们回归 NIW 的基本要求。简单来说，你需要证明你的工作具有 national interest。这个要求乍一看非常劝退，我们作为公司的一颗螺丝钉，很难论证自己的工作在国家层面的 直接影响。这个想法没错，这是因为这个逻辑链里面缺了一环，就是公司。螺丝钉不装在轮子上如何能推动汽车 呢。我们可以考虑从公司的 mission 出发，首先建立自己手头项目与之的联系。比如特斯拉的 mission：accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable energy。假设你在运营组工作，为了响应马老板的号召，组内首要 OKR 就是 省钱，你为此一年做了 1000 张 excel，那么你可以说：My fleet research Lowers Operation Costs, Driving Electric Vehicle Innovation and New Technology Adoption。接下来你只需要论证你的 excel 帮助部门完成了 OKR，特斯拉 又帮助美国实现了 national interest，即推动科技进步。这样你就完成了一个完整的逻辑链：你的项目帮助完成部 门目标，各部门的 OKR 成就了公司，公司作为你的项目载体达成 national interest。USCIS 甚至还定义了哪些 领域是他们着重关注的，除了 technology，还有 field research; societal welfare; economy; business, entrepreneurship, science, culture, health, or education.
如何DIY申请书
这里主要介绍撰写的框架，三个小结是 USCIS 对于 NIW 申请书内容的要求
First Prong: The Proposed Endeavor has both Substantial Merit and National Importance
对于 first prong 的重要性怎么强调都不为过。可以说，如果这部分的内容以及证据足够充分，成功证明工作 的 national interest，那么你的申请就基本成功了。这一节的标题就是 first prong 的具体内容。我们可以看出，最终 目标是建立 proposed endeavor 与 national interest （i.e.,substantial merit and national importance) 之间的关系。关于 哪些领域属于 national interest，USCIS 官网给出了以下领域：Technology, field research; societal welfare; economy; business, entrepreneurship, science, culture, health, or education。这里为第一次申请的同学总结了下述表格，来总结 自己经历中符合 national interest 的部分，每一条作为 first prong 的一个 section，一般 3-4 条为佳。
Second Prong: The Person is Well Positioned to Advance the Proposed Endeavor
这里根据大家的背景不同，分为，Must have，Nice to have, 以及 Other。原则上多多益善，但不值得花太多 时间，再次强调，first prong 才是这篇申请书的胜负手。这一部分我们只需要着重完成 must have，是否涵盖剩余 的点不会成为影响通过的决定因素。 Must have:
Degrees, certificates, or licenses in the field;
Letters from experts in the person’s field, describing the person’s past achievements and providing specific examples of how the person is well positioned to advance the person’s endeavor;
A plan describing how the person intends to continue the proposed work in the United States
Nice to have:
Patents, trademarks, or copyrights developed by the person;
Published articles or media reports about the person’s achievements or current work;
Documentation demonstrating a strong citation history of the person’s work or excerpts of published articles showing positive discourse around, or adoption of, the person’s work;
Evidence that the person’s work has influenced the field of endeavor;
Evidence demonstrating how the person’s work is being used by others
Others:
Letters from government agencies or quasi-governmental entities in the United States demonstrating that the person is well positioned to advance the proposed endeavor;
Evidence that the person has received awards or grants or other indications of relevant non-monetary support (for example, using facilities free of charge) from federal, state, or local government entities with expertise in economic development, research and development, or job creation; and Evidence demonstrating how the person’s work is being used by others
Documents showing technology that the person invented, or contributed to inventing, and how others use that technology; and Patents or licenses for innovations the person developed with documentation showing why the patent or license is significant to the field.
Correspondence from prospective or potential employers, clients, or customers;
Third Prong: On balance, it would be beneficial to the United States to waive the job offer and thus the permanent labor certification requirements
第三点根据官网要求，推荐以下三个切入点。另外有一个大坑注意避免
My skillset is too unique to be captured by standard process： The impracticality of a labor certification application;(e.g., Whether the labor certification process may prevent an employer from hiring a person with unique knowledge or skills exceeding the minimum requirements standard for that occupation which cannot be appropriately captured by the labor certification
My job is generating jobs and revenue: The benefit to the United States from the prospective noncitizen’s contributions, even if other U.S. workers were also available;[59] such as job creation and economic revenue
STEM & benefits public health/ safety: The national interest in the person’s contributions is sufficiently urgent, such as U.S. competitiveness in STEM fields, public health or safety
聊一聊三条 prong 中最不起眼的第三条以及其中的一个大坑。首先它是这么说的：It would be beneficial to the United States to waive the job offer and thus the permanent labor certification requirements。一个容易想到的思路就是 利用自己职位或者技能的稀缺。比如，我们可以用一些数据证明 SDE 每年都招不满，而创业公司又持续需要这 样的人才。这个时候 USCIS 会这样说，这是使用的是 RFE letter 的原文回复：such shortages of qualified workers are directly addressed by PERM。因为本身 PERM 就是为拥有特殊技能的人才创立的，利用这一点来申请 NIW 很 难解释为什么申请者需要 NIW 来申请绿卡。换句话说，如此稀缺的人才应该有公司强着帮忙申请 PERM 才对。 那么什么是正确的思路呢，回到官网的基本要求，可以发现这条很多要求其实与前两个 prong 是重合的，甚 至不需要专门为它设计内容。我们可以强调自己 proposed endeavor 对于 economy，technology，research, public health 的影响，以及自己的学习，工作甚至实习经历是如何帮助实现 proposed endeavor 的。小熊发现一个比较好 用的点是强调最近的 layoff 潮对自己 mental health 的影响，导致自己不能 fully contribute，暗暗还可以抬自己一 手，我都这样了，还没被裁，你们还不通过我？
A software engineer adapting their employer’s code for various clients will have difficulty demonstrating the national importance of that endeavor, absent additional broader impacts supported by specific evidence.
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