(#32) Week of Oct 29nd/2012 - 英语阅读训练组

阅读小组训练第三十二周开始了~~有关此次训练活动的初衷，请猛戳这里
前几周发起了阅读训练小组素材推荐的活动，我把版里已有的/训练小组同学正在阅读的，都总结到了素材推荐的一楼，欢迎大家继续推荐，请猛戳这里

参与的形式还是不变，希望已经参与的同学继续坚持并保持/提升阅读速度，观望的同学速速加入欢迎大家跟贴交流阅读感受。



===========================我是copy的分割线=============================================

参与形式：copy自己觉得好的句子，注明page number贴出来。同时最重要的，作为练习，必须把这个句法应用在自己生活的场景里面，也写出来。几乎天天都有汇报进度的话，会比较容易坚持。参见隔壁战拖组，凡是一个人单打独斗的，至少是帖子都没有follow下去，计划是否完成旁人就不知道了。跟组的看起来是坚持的要好些。

. Χ跟战拖组一样，每人一周只许占1楼，所有讨论集中在一个贴（这里）。一周内每日更新在自己的楼里，每完成一周一个学分。自己选的书或者指定书都可以，但是4周内必须完成（否则也太慢了）。全部学时完成的，还有1学分奖励。


3/26 周一开始吧，争取4周完成一本。任选1本开始就可以。不过大家都读同一本，争取match进度也不错，免得没有监督难以维持。这点暂时随意吧。

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暂时就是这些规矩。有其他书推荐的话，下一个学习组里面用。其他建议welcome

Just get admitted as a PhD student. And really need to learn how PhD life is.
It is harder and more painful than I thought.
The life is about grinding. Going through the process will definitely make you strong.

Many things can be learnt from this book.
Face the fact that PhD is tough and you need to work very hard.
Besides that, PhD is not only about pure research but also how everything come together
You need to arrange your life, both academic and social part.
Do learn to seek help and build social network. Learn to be self-displined.

Be Prepared mentally, as well as physically.


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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 12 | Loc. 176  | Added on 2012年11月2日 星期五 下午07时01分49秒 CDT

“If it's already been done before, then it wouldn't be research!”
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 12 | Loc. 177-78  | Added on 2012年11月2日 星期五 下午07时02分00秒 CDT

Despite my daily feelings of hopelessness, I kept on telling myself: I'm just getting started here, so I should be patient.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 19 | Loc. 277-83  | Added on 2012年11月2日 星期五 下午07时16分26秒 CDT

In retrospect, going solo so early during grad school was a terrible decision. Contrary to romanticized notions of a lone scholar sitting outside sipping a latte and doodling on blank sheets of notebook paper, real research is never done in a vacuum. There needs to be solid intellectual, historical, and sometimes even physical foundations (e.g., laboratory equipment) for developing one's innovations. The wiser course of action during those weeks would have been to talk to Dawson more frequently, and to actively seek out collaborations with other professors or senior students. But back then, I was so burned-out and frustrated with the traditional pecking order of group-based research—putting new Ph.D. students through the meat grinder on the most unglamorous work—that I recoiled and went off on my own.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 20 | Loc. 304-5  | Added on 2012年11月2日 星期五 下午07时18分57秒 CDT

Be proactive in talking with professors to find research topics that are mutually interesting, and no matter what, don't just hole up in isolation.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 21 | Loc. 315-17  | Added on 2012年11月2日 星期五 下午07时20分40秒 CDT

What's the problem? What's my proposed solution? What compelling experiments can I run to demonstrate the effectiveness of my solution? My friend Greg, one of Rob's Ph.D. students, taught me the importance of the third point—thinking in terms of experiments—when proposing research project ideas.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 26 | Loc. 397-405  | Added on 2012年11月2日 星期五 下午07时31分20秒 CDT

My daily workflow consisted of writing computer programs to extract, clean up, reformat, and analyze the data from the Linux revision control history and those 2,000 bug reports. To help obtain insights, I taught myself the basics of quantitative data analysis, statistics, and data visualization techniques. As I worked, I kept a meticulous log of my experimental progress in a research lab notebook, noting which trials did and did not work. Every week or so, I would meet with Dawson to present my findings. Our meetings usually consisted of me showing him printouts of graphs or data tables that my analyses had generated, followed by him making high-level suggestions such as, “Wow, this part of the graph looks weird, why is that? Split the data up in this way and dig deeper.” Years later, I learned that this working style was fairly common amongst computational researchers in a variety of academic fields; for my dissertation, I created tools to eliminate common inefficiencies in this pervasive type of workflow. However, back at that time, I had no such long-term visions; I just wanted to make interesting discoveries and get them published.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 32 | Loc. 485-86  | Added on 2012年11月2日 星期五 下午11时43分03秒 CDT

These two opposing experiences taught me the importance of deeply understanding the motivations and incentives of one's potential collaborators before working with them.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 33 | Loc. 502-5  | Added on 2012年11月2日 星期五 下午11时45分15秒 CDT

Unlike our peers with regular nine-to-five jobs, there was no immediate pressure for grad students to produce anything tangible—no short-term deadlines to meet or middle managers to please. For most students in my department, nobody would notice or care if they took one day off, so by extension, why not take two days off, a whole week off, or even a whole month off? Therefore, it's unsurprising that many Ph.D. students who drop out do so around their third year.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
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To fend off procrastination, I worked tirelessly to impose self-discipline and structure on my workdays.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 80 | Loc. 1214-15  | Added on 2012年11月5日 星期一 下午04时33分21秒 CST

By now, I understood the importance of aligning with the subjective preferences of senior collaborators (and paper reviewers), even when doing research in supposedly objective technical fields.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 82 | Loc. 1246-50  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时25分41秒 CST

The popular view of how a Ph.D. dissertation arises is that a student comes up with some inspired intellectual idea in a brilliant flash of insight and then spends a few years writing a giant treatise while sipping hundreds of lattes and cappuccinos. In many science and engineering fields, this perception is totally inaccurate: The “writing” is simply combining one's published papers together into a single document and surrounding their contents with introductory and concluding chapters. All of the years of sweaty labor has already been done by the time a student sits down to “write” their dissertation document.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
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In my department, the most important milestone in a Ph.D. student's career is when their advisor gives the thumbs up to begin the dissertation writing process. This gesture signals that the student has done enough work—usually publishing two to four conference papers on one coherent theme—and deserves to graduate within a few months.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
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In my department, the format of the oral defense is that the student gives a one-hour public talk summarizing their dissertation research, and then there is a one-hour private session where the committee asks probing questions. Afterwards, the committee votes to either pass or fail the student. In reality, almost nobody fails their defense unless they act totally moronic: The committee will usually have read through and approved a student's dissertation before they let that student defend, so there should be no surprises.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 85 | Loc. 1303-6  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时38分26秒 CST

I took a highly entrepreneurial approach to my Ph.D.—opportunistically seeking out projects and collaborators, walking a fine line between being unconventional and conforming enough to get my papers published. I feel extremely lucky to have been able to take charge of my Ph.D. career in creative ways; I wouldn't have had nearly as much freedom without the fellowships that funded five out of my six years at Stanford.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 86 | Loc. 1309-10  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时39分06秒 CST

That's how research marches forward bit by bit: Each successive generation builds upon the ideas of the previous one.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 87 | Loc. 1325-26  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时41分57秒 CST

This accomplishment wouldn't have been possible without a rare combination of great luck, personal initiative, insightful nudges from generous people, and nearly ten thousand hours of grinding.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 88 | Loc. 1339  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时44分01秒 CST

In some ways, doing a Ph.D. is the intellectual equivalent of intense athletic training.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 88 | Loc. 1337  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时44分14秒 CST

Ironman Triathlon—a
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 88 | Loc. 1343-44  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时45分30秒 CST
. 1point 3acres
Results trump intentions: Nobody questions someone's intentions if they produce good results.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 88 | Loc. 1349-50  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时45分51秒 CST

Outputs trump inputs: The only way to earn a Ph.D. is by successfully producing research outputs (e.g., published papers),
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 89 | Loc. 1354  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时46分29秒 CST

identifying competitors and adapting good ideas into my own projects.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 89 | Loc. 1355-56  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时46分44秒 CST

Find relevant information: My Ph.D. training has taught me how to effectively find the most relevant information for what I need to accomplish at each moment.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 89 | Loc. 1359  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时47分21秒 CST

Create lucky opportunities:
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 89 | Loc. 1360-62  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时47分45秒 CST

But these fortuitous opportunities wouldn't have arisen if I didn't repeatedly put myself and my work on display—giving talks, chatting with colleagues, asking for and offering help, and expressing gratitude. The vast majority of my efforts didn't result in serendipity, but if I didn't keep trying, then I probably wouldn't have gotten lucky.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 89 | Loc. 1363  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时48分00秒 CST

Play the game:
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 90 | Loc. 1367  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时48分32秒 CST

Lead from below:
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 90 | Loc. 1371  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时49分05秒 CST

Professors are human:
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 90 | Loc. 1373-74  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时49分38秒 CST

From a student's perspective, since professors are the gatekeepers to publication, graduation, and future jobs, it's important to empathize with them both as professionals and also as people.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 90 | Loc. 1375  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时50分03秒 CST

Be well-liked:
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 90 | Loc. 1376-77  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时50分13秒 CST

In general, I strived to seek out people with whom I naturally clicked well and then took the time to nurture those relationships.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Bookmark on Page 90 | Loc. 1377  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时50分18秒 CST


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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 90 | Loc. 1377-78  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时50分26秒 CST

Pay some dues:
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 90 | Loc. 1378  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时51分11秒 CST

.google  иIt's necessary for junior lab members to pay their dues and be “good soldiers” rather than making presumptuous demands from day one.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 91 | Loc. 1381-82  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时51分40秒 CST

It took me years to recognize when to defer to authority figures and when to selfishly push forward my own agenda.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 91 | Loc. 1383  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 上午12时51分46秒 CST

Reject bad defaults:
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
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Know when to quit:
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 91 | Loc. 1391-92  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 下午04时46分50秒 CST

Recover from failures: Failure is inevitable in grad school.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 91 | Loc. 1393-94  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 下午04时50分34秒 CST

Grad school was a safe environment to practice recovering from failures, since the stakes were low compared to failing in real jobs.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 91 | Loc. 1394-96  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 下午04时52分20秒 CST

In my early Ph.D. years, I would grow anxious, distraught, and paralyzed over research failures. But as I matured, I learned to channel my anger into purposeful action in what I call a productive rage. Every rejection, doubt, and criticism spurred me to work harder to prove the naysayers wrong. Lessons learned from earlier failures led to successes later in grad school.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 92 | Loc. 1399  | Added on 2012年11月6日 星期二 下午04时52分37秒 CST

Ally with insiders:
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
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Give many talks:
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
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Sell, sell, sell:
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Bookmark on Page 93 | Loc. 1415  | Added on 2012年11月8日 星期四 上午09时28分01秒 CST


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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 93 | Loc. 1415-16  | Added on 2012年11月8日 星期四 上午09时28分08秒 CST

properly pitch the big-picture significance of my research to my target audience: senior academic colleagues.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 93 | Loc. 1417-18  | Added on 2012年11月8日 星期四 上午09时28分23秒 CST

As a low-status grad student, one of the most effective ways for me to “sell” my ideas and projects was to get influential people (e.g., famous professors such as Margo) excited enough to promote them on my behalf.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
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Generously provide help:
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
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Therefore, many of us generously helped one another, most notably by giving feedback on ideas and paper drafts before they were subject to the harsher critiques of external reviewers.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 93 | Loc. 1422  | Added on 2012年11月8日 星期四 上午09时29分17秒 CST

Ask for help:
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
. 1point 3acres - Highlight on Page 93 | Loc. 1423-24  | Added on 2012年11月8日 星期四 上午09时29分27秒 CST

Finding help can be as simple as asking a friend in my department, or it might require getting referrals or even cold-emailing strangers.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 93 | Loc. 1424-25  | Added on 2012年11月8日 星期四 上午09时29分38秒 CST

Express true gratitude:
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
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People feel good when they find out that their advice or feedback led to concrete benefits, so I strive to acknowledge everyone's specific contributions whenever possible. Even a quick thank-you email goes a long way.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
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Ideas beget ideas:
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
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it's nearly impossible to come up with substantive ideas in a vacuum. Ideas are always built upon other ideas, so it's important to find a solid starting point.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
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Also, ideas can sometimes take years to blossom, usually after several false starts:
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
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Grind hard and smart:
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
- Highlight on Page 94 | Loc. 1435-40  | Added on 2012年11月11日 星期日 下午10时20分16秒 CST

there would be no Ph.D. without ten thousand hours of unglamorous, hard-nosed grinding. This journey has taught me that creative ideas mean nothing without the extreme effort to bring them to fruition: showing up to the office, getting my butt in the seat, grinding hard to make small but consistent progress, taking breaks to reflect and refresh, then repeating day after day for over two thousand consecutive days. However, grinding smart is just as important as grinding hard. It's sad to see students blindly working themselves to death on tasks that won't get favorable results: approaching a research problem from an unwise angle, using the wrong kinds of tools, or doing useless errands. Grinding smart requires perceptiveness, intuition, and a willingness to ask for help.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
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It requires intense focus, rigorous discipline, keen attention to detail, high pain tolerance, and an obsessive desire to produce great work.
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The Ph.D. Grind: A Ph.D. Student Memoir (Philip Guo)
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It was fun at times, but more importantly, it was fulfilling. Fun is often frivolous, ephemeral, and easy to obtain, but true fulfillment comes only after overcoming significant and meaningful challenges.
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