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美联储降息跟买房利率没有多大的联系。
One of the key sources of confusion here is that mortgage rates definitely DO care about what the Fed does. This is especially true in cases where the Fed changes its policies on buying the bonds that directly affect mortgage rates. It's even true when the Fed changes its stance on the Fed Funds Rates (the thing that they cut by 50 bps just now), but that's where the correlation gets tricky.
There are 3 key ways to understand the paradox.
1. The Fed Rate is a Battleship in a River
The Fed meets to MAYBE change its rate only 8 times a year, barring emergencies (like today). Mortgage-backed bonds and Treasuries, on the other hand, can change thousands of times a day. Mortgage lenders update rate sheets at least once every business day. In short, mortgage rates and the bond market are FAR MORE NIMBLE than the Fed and, to whatever extent they are going to take guidance from a Fed rate decision, they ALWAYS move WELL in advance because Fed rate changes are very well-telegraphed these days (even today's emergency cut). Bottom line, mortgages react to the Fed rate cut BEFORE it ever happens, but even then, a Fed cut might not convince mortgage rates to move lower due to the other 2 factors.
2. The Fed Rate is a Different Animal Compared to Mortgage Rates
The Fed Funds Rate applies to loans with a term of up to 1 day (essentially last minute money shuffling between banks in order to ensure everyone has the money they need for the day if the previous day happened to create an imbalance). Mortgages, of course, can be loans of up to 30 years. Quite simply, investor preferences can vary greatly depending on the duration of a loan. If you've heard about the inverted yield curve, that's a quintessential example of shifting investor preferences between longer and shorter term debt. It doesn't get any shorter than the Fed Funds Rate nor much longer than mortgage rates. Consequently, they move in opposite directions all the time.
3. Fed Policy is About Much More Than The Rate Itself
The Fed Funds Rate is only one of the aspects of the Fed's monitor policy communication. Markets care about it, but again, they usually know what it's going to be ahead of time. Even then, markets typically care much more about how the rate will move in the future. To that end, they're very focused on the economic realities that are likely to shape future Fed moves. Markets also care quite a lot about any changes in the Fed's bond buying plans, and we didn't see that today.
If you take nothing else away from the above, take this: the bond market (which includes mortgages rates) has been able to react to coronavirus implications for weeks, and there's been no Fed meeting during that time. It took an emergency, unscheduled rate change for the Fed to even bring itself into line with market expectations. They're a battleship in a river, and that river has been swift. |
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