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俺加黑了一部分,但是建议摘出来的全部看完
Source:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3092701/
“Where are you from?” This benign question is commonly asked during social interactions, and the answer often leads to interesting conversations with strangers or acquaintances. But what if an answer like “Lincoln, Nebraska,” “Baltimore, Maryland,” or “Modesto, California” does not suffice for the questioner? Indeed, ethnic minorities, especially Asian Americans and Latino/as, are often asked follow-up questions like, “No, where are you really from?” or “I meant, where are you originally from?". At least under some circumstances, experiences such as these may be perceived by some ethnic minorities as a message that they do not share the American identity or have in-group status; therefore, these experiences may have negative implications for their identity and adjustment. Thus, in a series of three studies involving three major American ethnic minority groups, we sought to demonstrate that members of ethnic minorities are aware of this perpetual foreigner stereotype, and this awareness is linked to their sense of belonging to American society, sense of conflict between ethnic and national identities, and psychological adjustment.
Although the United States is historically an immigrant nation with an ethnically and culturally diverse population, members of ethnic minority groups are often innocuously denied the American identity and treated as if they were perpetual foreigners.” This especially is evident in recent research that shows an overwhelming propensity to more readily ascribe the American identity to European Americans rather than to ethnic minorities. Even when ethnic minorities are explicitly judged to be American, implicitly, in the minds of both European Americans and some ethnic minorities (Asian Americans and Latino/as), being “American” is equated with being White.
The assumption that ethnic minorities do not fit the definition of what it means to be American may manifest itself in subtle, covert marginalizing incidents, such as questioning an individual’s home-town, complimenting his/her command of the English language, or mistaking him/her as a foreigner . These behaviors comprise a contemporary form of racism called racial microaggression, whereby racism is disguised in supposedly benign behaviors and comments (e.g., Where are you from?) that convey strong messages of exclusion and inferiority. Even when the intent of perpetrators, who can be of any ethnic or racial group, is not malicious or racially motivated, it is in these seemingly harmless occurrences that ethnic minorities are told that they are somehow less American than European Americans.
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