【Coursera]Introduction to Human Behavioral Genetics 召集+讨论

看起来像是基因学什么的，其实是心理学课程。刚刚来这里，感觉学心理学的家伙不多呀~（其实我是学数学的！！）因为想要出国去学心理学，本科学校没有条件学（扯淡同济大二），所以只好自学了~
现在课程进行到第二周，希望有人能够一起学~

课程简介：

One of psychology’s defining issues concerns the origins of individual differences in behavior: Why are some people outgoing and cheerful while others are withdrawn and forlorn? Why do some struggle academically while others excel at school despite minimal study? Why do some suffer the ravages of a psychotic illness like schizophrenia while others enjoy a life free of mental illness? At the core to answering these questions is the ages-old "nature-nurture" debate: Are the behavioral differences among us due predominantly to inborn natural differences or the cumulative impact of our experiences? The nature-nurture debate generated much controversy and acrimony within psychology, although today most are willing to retire the debate and declare both sides victorious.

This course provides an introduction to behavioral genetics, the field within psychology that demonstrated that Nature and Nurture both play a fundamental role in the development of psychological traits. We will explore how early behavioral genetic research radically changed how psychologists conceptualized human behavior and how the mapping of the human genome is fundamentally altering current research approaches to a wide range of behavioral characteristics. The course will cover the traditional behavioral genetic methodologies of twin and adoption studies as well as modern approaches based on molecular genetic techniques.

Upon completion of the course, students should have a basic understanding of

• how behavioral genetic research has changed psychology’s view of human behavior;
• the strengths and limitations of traditional behavioral genetic methodologies such as twin and adoption studies;
• the behavioral genetic approach to psychiatric phenotypes (to be illustrated by schizophrenia) and psychological phenotypes (to be illustrated by intelligence); and
• the structure and function of the human genome and the prospects for identifying the specific genetic variants underlying individual differences in behavior.
  

不需要有心理学先修知识，需要一定数学统计基础。（中国孩子这个完全不用担心……）


感觉这个教授语速比较合适，课程目前来看不算很难，还是很有可行性的~

这里是第一周的quiz~
一直觉得看看题目是快速掌握这门课学些什么的好方法，所以如果感兴趣，就看看吧~

居然只准我传350k的文件！！好吧只有这样了……
Unit 1 Quiz Question
Module A: Founding of Behavioral Genetics
The inheritance of behavioral characteristics was first demonstrated through _____________. a. Animal breeding
b. Plant hybridization
c. Familial resemblance
d. Survival of the fittest
e. Fitter family contests
The first person to use the terms "nature" and "nurture" to describe the essence of the debate as to the origins of individual differences was ___________________; however ___________ is most strongly associated with the Nature-Nurture debate.
a. Plato; Aristotle
b. Sir Francis Galton; Henry Herbert Goddard c. Shakespeare; Sir Francis Galton
d. Aristotle; Plato
e. Sir Francis Galton; Charles Darwin
Who is attributed with being the founder of the field of Behavioral Genetics?
a. Henry Herbert Goddard
b. Plato
c. Charles Darwin d. Sir Francis Galton
e. Gregor Mendel
The book Hereditary Genius studied ____________ and was written by ______________.
a. Inheritance of intelligence; Henry Herbert Goddard b. Familial resemblance for eminence; Sir Francis Galton
c. Selective breeding; Plato
d. The John/Joan case; John Money
e. Blank Slate psychology; Steven Pinker
Sir Francis Galton would most likely argue that:
a. Nature impacts behavior in some circumstances, but nurture generally prevails over nature b. Nurture impacts behavior in some circumstances, but nature generally prevails over nurture
c. Behavior is genetically determined, and our fates are sealed at the moment of conception
d. Individual differences in behavior are solely driven by the familial environment.
These two things led to an undermining of the early behavioral genetics movement:
a. Nazi Germany; Alternative radical views of human nature
b. Buck v Bell; The John/Joan Case
c. Fitter Family Contests; Pedigree studies d. The ideology of genetic determinism; The eugenics movement
The term eugenics was coined by:
a. Charles Darwin
b. Sir Ronald Fisher
c. Adolf Hitler
d. Steven Pinker e. Sir Francis Galton
Module B: The Eugenics Movement
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the popularity of the eugenics movement:
a. The Industrial Revolution
b. Urbanization
c. Demographic Transition d. The U.S. Civil War
Like publications on the heritability of behavior, __________________ peaked around the 1930s, but then sharply declined along with the depopularization of the eugenics movement:
a. The jitterbug b. The number of babies named Eugene
c. Prostitution
d. U.S. State Fairs
Which of the following illustrates how deeply the eugenics movement influenced public policy in the 1920s:
a. The Kallikak pedigree
b. Hereditary Genius
c. John/Joan case d. The Buck v Bell case
The case of Buck v. Bell illustrates how deeply the eugenics movement influenced public policy in the 1920s by ruling:
a. In opposition to compulsory sterilization of the unfit, including the mentally ill and intellectually disabled b. In favor of compulsory sterilization of the unfit, including the mentally ill and intellectually disabled
c. In favor of punitive sterilization of inmates
d. In opposition to punitive sterilization of inmates
Module C: What is Behavioral Genetics?
Behavioral genetics is concerned with:
a. How differences in our genomes contribute to our behavioral differences
b. Using genetic methodologies to answer psychological questions
c. How genetic and environmental factors combine to influence the course of behavioral development d. All of these
Dr. McGue defined Behavioral Genetics as an:
a. Area of genetics concerning how human evolution has shaped common psychological processes
b. Area of genetics concerned with quantifying major sources of individual differences in behavioral development
c. Area of psychology concerning how human evolution has shaped common psychological processes by quantifying major sources of individual differences of behavior. d. Area of psychology that involves the use of genetic methods to study the nature and origins of individual differences in human and animal behavior
Module D: The John/Joan Case
The John/Joan case was discussed in this course because it represents:
a. How deeply the eugenics movement influenced public policy in the 1920s
b. The strength of genetic determinism c. The apex of thinking of human behavior as completely malleable
d. The strong importance of socialization for gender identity in children under the age of two
Who is credited with stating, "Psychologically, sexuality is undifferentiated at birth and becomes differentiated as masculine and feminine in the course of various experiences of growing up." a. John Money
b. Steven Pinker
c. Sir Francis Galton
d. Martin Kallikak
e. Margaret Sanger
Module E: Phenylketonuria
Your _________ is that which is inherited; your _________ is that which is expressed or observable.
a. Genotype; Environment
b. Heritability; Phenotype c. Genotype; Phenotype
d. Heritability; Environment
e. Phenotype; Heritability
Maternal PKU is: a. The higher levels of intellectual disabilities observed in children born to mothers with PKU who have gone off of their special diet
b. PKU that has been inherited from the mother
c. PKU that is present in the child but not in the mother
d. The phenomenon of genotypic but not phenotypic PKU in children born to affected mothers who adhere strictly to a low phenylalanine diet and tyrosine supplements.
In PKU, the genotype of two deficient alleles only produces the phenotype of intellectual disability in people who do not adhere to a low phenylalanine diet and tyrosine supplements. This is an example of:
a. Pleiotropy
b. Inborn error of metabolism
c. Phenotypic inconsistency d. Genotype-Environment Interaction
e. Phenotypic correlation
PKU is an example of pleiotropy because: a. A single gene accounts for severe intellectual disability, irritability, hyperactivity, eczema, hypopigmentation, and musty odor
b. The intellectual disability phenotype only occurs when the necessary genotype is reared in the obligate environment
c. The primary function of the gene is far removed from behavior
d. It is a disorder of amino acid metabolism
e. Several different genotypes can produce phenotypic PKU
Which of the following was NOT noted by Dr. McGue as a reason why PKU is an extraordinary public health success in genetics:
a. The cause of the disorder has been pinpointed
b. There is a successful treatment program for PKU
c. The Guthrie Test can successfully screen for PKU in newborns d. Once PKU has been successfully treated, it cannot be passed down to future generations
PKU illustrates Genotype-Environment Interaction because: a. Intellectual disabilities only occur when the necessary genotype is reared in the obligate environment
b. A single gene accounts for severe intellectual disability, irritability, hyperactivity, eczema, hypopigmentation, and musty odor.
c. The primary function of the gene is far removed from behavior
d. It is a disorder of amino acid metabolism
e. Several different genotypes can produce phenotypic PKU
People with PKU have two deficient forms of the gene that codes for the enzyme _________________. Without this enzyme, the body is unable to convert __________ to _____________.
a. Tyrosine hydroxylase; Tyrosine; Phenylalanine
b. Tyrosine; Phenylalanine hydroxylase; Phenylalanine
c. Phenylalanine; Tyrosine hydroxylase; Tyrosine d. Phenylalanine hydroxylase; Phenylalanine; Tyrosine
e. Tyrosine; Phenylalanine; Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Readings:
In this week's reading on the historical contexts of ethical issues in behavioral genetics the authors cite five possible answers to the question: What is wrong with eugenics? Which of the following was NOT cited as a possible answer?
a. Eugenics focuses on who should or should not be conceived rather than tending to the needs of those who are already born.
b. In practice, eugenics does not favor plurality of values and ideals in society. c. Females face particularly high violations of reproductive freedoms in eugenics programs.
d. Eugenics places importance on larger abstractions rather than the rights and needs of individuals.
John Humphrey Noyes' Perfectionist Community was an example of ____________, encouraging fertility among those deemed to be fit. Compulsory sterilization of the 'feeble minded' is an example of __________, as it prevents the reproduction of those deemed unfit. a. Positive Eugenics; Negative Eugenics
b. Eugenics ideology; eugenics policy
c. The pluralism of values and our status as designers; violations of reproductive freedoms
d. Selective breeding; judicial injustice

是不是还要交作业？我来啦

我又来交作业啦。第二周。

第二周了，越来越好玩。又来交作业了~

这三周的quiz~
都是8分，好巧哦。最近期末考试周啦，狂躁。

转眼间就还有最后一周了。
考试周好痛苦~

最后一次啦。
八周过去了，感觉不太真实……