话不多说，我在众多学校中挑选了康奈尔大学，它关于 SoP 的写作要求之细，完全可以充当大家的文书写作指南。 （MIT，UCB等等学校的官网也非常有用）
链接在此： Writing Your Academic Statement of Purpose : Graduate School (cornell.edu).
值得注意的是，这里你会发现多了一个形容词 Academic，也就是意味着是偏学术化的，侧重于你的研究兴趣，学术规划等等，而不是像 PS 那样去写故事。
你可以想想，如果你按照网上讲解 PS 的套路，去着重描述你的成长故事，性格特征，侧重故事而不是学术经历，那这篇文书就跑题了。. 1point3acres
建议大家看完文章后认真去官网阅读一遍，我会挑出一些重要的细节给大家分析。
The ASOP is also a place, if necessary, where you can (and should) address any blemishes, gaps, or weaknesses in your academic record. In these situations, you will want to be honest, but brief. It is best to turn negatives into positives by focusing on how you overcame obstacles, remained persistent in the pursuit of your goals, and showed resilience. Share what you learned from the particular experience, and how it led you to become a better researcher/scholar/person, etc.
官网特别多提了一句，如果你在某些方面因为特殊原因有短板可以写出来。最好的方式是把它描述成对你的挑战，从中你学到的东西，展现的品质都是很好的文书内容。
因此，如果有这方面短板的同学，记得是可以在文书里提出来的，不过要换一个方式，毕竟国外的学校都喜欢自信的申请人。
接下来，真的是无脑操作了。官网直接把大概的文书框架都给你定好，你只需要按照它提供的问题，挨个去构思要写的内容，最后组合起来就能得到你想要的文书初稿了。 距离最终版本，当然还需要一遍一遍的修改，但是万事开头难，有了内容我们再去改自然容易许多。Information to include
Introduce yourself and your academic interests
SoP 开头段一般而言是：
介绍你的学术兴趣，它源自哪里？
为什么要追求研究生学位？
在 UCSD 以及 UCB 两所学校的 SoP 写作指导里，第一个需要回答的问题也是如此：
UCSD: 1. How did you become interested in this field? Establish that you have had a long-term interest in the field and that you have taken positive steps in pursuing your interest. Give the committee members a sense of your particular talents and abilities and their relevance to your academic interests._
UCB: Part 1: Introduce yourself, your interests and motivations
CMU: Avoid common clichés in your SoP. In particular, try to avoid childhood anecdotes or goals. The admissions committee is interested in your current goals, skills, and strengths. Remember that the committee is reviewing a large number of applications, so you should be concise in your writing and get straight to the point.
Watching Apple Autumn Conference on Oct 18 as an Apple intern, I was amazed by the brand new MacBook, while my leader marched over to me and said: "Striving for excellence; that's why Apple could succeed. We expect you to develop an automatic test system integrated with anomaly detection algorithms for all display issues of Apple's new and existing products despite the fact that few consumers have ever noticed any of the issues. Suhan, take your initial step toward doing the right thing even though challenging.
这是一篇文书开头的第一句话（后续省略），背景是她在 Apple 实习的经历，参加完之后和 Leader 的对话以及自己的工作感受，让她对信号处理方向有了浓厚的兴趣。
这样的引入就是一个很不错的开头，既体现了自己强有力的实习背景，而且从实际工作中更容易发现自己是否对本专业感兴趣。
Describe your academic background, preparation, and training
Whenever possible, give specific examples and illustrate the points you are making, don’t just simply tell them.
这也就意味着，我们不能仅仅是把简历上的内容稍加修改搬过来，简单地进行堆砌。你需要做的是有针对性地挑选适合的经历，进行细致化的加工，把最重要最出彩的经历用更多的笔墨凸显出来。. .и
至于怎么描述没有固定的套路，推荐大家可以按照 STAR 法则来描述自己的经历，如果可以用数据体现成果，尽可能数据来增强说服力。
举个例子，像我自己本科期间发过顶会论文，那这段经历一定要在文书中体现出来。不过我们不能干巴巴地说发表了很牛的论文，而是要把自己研究的过程，遇到的挑战等细节体现出来。 在写细节的过程中，别忘了插入一些自己专业的专有名词，体现自己的专业知识，
Show them you are making an informed decision
第三部分官网列出了很多大家可以去考虑的问题。当然，我们并不用全部去回答。
不难发现，前面两部分我们谈到了自己的学术兴趣以及背景，展现了自己专业知识和能力。 但这么多学校，为什么你会选择这一所呢？这个项目呢？为什么你觉得这个项目适合你，你又能给学校带来什么？
在这个板块中，有三点值得特别注意： （1）充分了解项目和学校信息，向招生官展示你花了功夫了解学校。 （2）不能只谈项目如何吸引你，而要谈谈自己如果被录取能够给学校带来什么益处，这是一个双向的过程。 （3）如果有明确的生涯规划，需要写出来。比如说你毕业后想去谷歌工作，想接着留在学校读博等等。. check 1point3acres for more.
推荐的段落结构如下：
（1）Why this program or university fit you？
我们可以写的内容有：
Include information that is important to you outside of the program – supportive environment for first-year students, access to amazing literary resources, opportunities to participate in professional/career development programming, etc
（2）Why you fit this program? （可选）
这个问题其实是挺难回答的，因为我们作为新生，很难说自己为什么适合这个 program。因此，如果你很难找到的话，我不是很建议单独拿一段出来写，而是在上一段里提一句就行。
举个例子，你去研究了教授的研究方向，你觉得你很适合 xx 教授的课题组。因为你已经有了这个领域的 xx 专业知识，你想在 xx 细分方向上为这个课题组做贡献。
在 UCSD 的文书要求上也这样提到：
How are you a "match" for the program to which you are applying? Explain what attracts you most to the institution/program to which you are applying. Align your research interests with those of one or more of the affiliated professors. The better the "match" with the program/professors, the better the chance that you will be admitted.
因此，我建议大家写文书前一定要认真去研究一下对应系里的 faculty。
（3）Summary & Career goals
我们来看三所不同学校的要求：
Cornell: Professional goals – you may wish to outline what you plan to do after you complete the program as a way of underscoring the importance of your choice to pursue graduate study.
UCSD: What are your future goals? Specifically state your degree objective (Master's or Ph.D.) and specify what subdisciplines you are interested in pursuing. For example, if you are applying in political science, the committee needs to know whether you are pursuing American Politics, Comparative Politics, International Relations, or Political Theory. Let the reader know that you are planning a future career as a university professor, researcher, or consultant, or in public service or private practice (or whatever your goal happens to be).
UIUC: Your education and career goals (reason for pursuing a graduate degree in your field of interest) – inform the committee if you want to pursue a Master’s with thesis, a Professional Master’s (non-thesis), or a Ph.D., and why
总结来说，最后一段可以阐述自己完成研究生或者博士阶段的学习后，未来自己的生涯规划。因为生涯规划往往1-2句话就能搞定，所以最好是和全文总结一起写，或者是和之前的内容合并着写。. Waral dи,
下文是 MIT 官方给出的文书案例的最后一段。细读不难发现，其实语言并不高级，用词也很普通，但是在结尾段，作者再次强调了自己的学术兴趣和在这个领域研究的热情。 与此同时，作者还写到了 MIT 对应的教授以及他对于这个领域趋势的理解。最后简单明了地说完成学业后想留在学术领域当一名教授。
In a more general sense, I am very excited by applications of machine learning to AI in robotics, such as deep reinforcement learning. I am also very interested in pursuing research in this area. Professor Tedrake’s work in optimization-based control for locomotive robots with constrained dynamics is particularly fascinating to me, as recently deep learning approaches have led to breakthroughs in autonomously learned locomotive capabilities; I would be very interested in contributing. After graduate school, I hope to work in an academic setting toward professorship.
Achievements do not need to be directly tied to research projects or publications. However, they should relate to the type of work you expect in graduate school. For example, you can discuss significant, research-oriented class projects. Describe any collaborations with senior students or faculty that demonstrate your passion about relevant research topics. Computer science students can discuss projects from software internships that involved architecture design, algorithm design, security considerations, machine learning, etc. These experiences can inform your academic interests and demonstrate ability as well as more formal research experience.
上文是 MIT 文书指导里的要求。记住，并不是写的经历越多越好，而是要和你的学术兴趣相结合。哪怕可能你做的项目和你感兴趣的领域并不是很相关，你也可以自己建立起联系。
举个例子：. 1point3acres.com
有位同学感兴趣的领域是机器人，刚开始他花了近一半的篇幅介绍自己在机器人领域的研究经历，然后话锋一转又说了自己在自然语言处理的经历。这个过渡的描述如下：
I believe research at the junction of natural language processing and robotics will be critical to bringing robots into our everyday environment. This belief motivated me to work with Professor XXX in natural language processing.
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