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ljcljc同学说，.
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Definition. Χ
The common cold is a viral infection of the upper respirato ...
zach 发表于 2011-5-5 07:11
熊哥哥说感冒也有可能是过敏。
那么感冒到底是什么？
我手头没有医书，好在《The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine》有电子版，我就抄书了。 Source： The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Deirdre S. Blanchfield and Jacqueline L. Longe. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale, 2002. p869-872
2002年的呀。。。都过时10年了。。
先不管这个。。。就当你这本书的观点是“主流医学界的观点”. 1point 3acres Common cold 感冒（普通感冒，注，与flu、流感不同）
Definition
The common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory system, including the nose, throat, sinuses, eustachian tubes, trachea, larynx, and bronchial tubes. Although over 200 different viruses can cause a cold, 30–50% are caused by a group known as rhinoviruses. Almost all colds clear up in less than two weeks without complications.. .и 感冒是一种病毒性的上呼吸道（包括鼻、喉、鼻窦、耳咽管、气管、支气管）感染。虽然有超过200种不同的病毒可引起感冒，30-50％是由鼻病毒引起的。几乎所有的感冒会在不到两个星期内自愈，没有并发症。
Description
Colds, sometimes called rhinovirus or coronavirus infections, are the most common illness to strike any part of the body. It is estimated that the average person has more than 50 colds during a lifetime. Anyone can get a cold, although pre-school and grade school children catch them more frequently than adolescents and adults. Repeated exposure to viruses causing colds creates partial immunity. 感冒，有时也被称为鼻病毒或冠状病毒感染，是一种最常见的攻击人体任何部分的疾病。据估计，一般人在一生会得50多次感冒。任何人都会得感冒，但学前和上小学的儿童比成年人或青少年得的更频繁。反复接触感冒病毒可以获得部分免疫力。
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Although most colds resolve on their own without complications, they are a leading cause of visits to the doctor and of time lost from work and school. Treating symptoms of the common cold has given rise to a multi-million dollar industry in over-the-counter medications.. Waral dи, 虽然大部分感冒自愈且无并发症，它们是人们看医生、停学、停工的主要原因。缓解感冒症状的非处方药，创造了数百万美元的产业。 ..
Cold season in the United States begins in early autumn and extends through early spring. Although it is not true that getting wet or being in a draft causes a cold (a person has to come in contact with the virus to catch a cold), certain conditions may lead to increased susceptibility. These include:
在美国，感冒季节在初秋开始，持续到早春。尽管被淋湿或者被冷风吹不会引发感冒（必须接触感冒病毒才能得感冒），某些条件可能会让人更容易患上感冒，它们包括：
fatigue and overwork. 1point3acres 疲劳、过度工作 emotional stress 情绪压力 .. poor nutrition 营养不良. smoking 吸烟 living or working in crowded conditions 在拥挤的环境中生活或工作
. From 1point 3acres bbsColds make the upper respiratory system less resistant to bacterial infection. Secondary bacterial infection may lead to middle ear infection, bronchitis, pneumonia, sinus infection, or strep throat. People with chronic lung disease, asthma, diabetes, or a weakened immune system are more likely to develop these complications.. From 1point 3acres bbs 感冒会降低上呼吸道系统对病菌的抵抗力（进而增加继发性细菌感染的可能性），继发性细菌感染可能导致中耳炎，支气管炎，肺炎，鼻窦感染或链球菌咽喉炎。有慢性肺炎、哮喘、糖尿病或免疫系统不良的人更容易引发这些并发症。
Causes and symptoms
Colds are caused by more than 200 different viruses. The most common groups are rhinoviruses and coronaviruses. Different groups of viruses are more infectious at different seasons of the year, but knowing the exact virus causing the cold is not important in treatment.
感冒由200多种病毒引起，最常见的是鼻病毒和冠状群体。不同病毒在一年中不同季节的传染性不同，，但知道感冒是由哪种病毒引起的在治疗中并不重要。
. Waral dи,
1. People with colds are contagious during the first two to four days of the infection. Colds pass from person to person in several ways. When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks, tiny fluid droplets containing the virus are expelled. If these are breathed in by other people, the virus may establish itself in their noses and airways. 1. 患感冒的人在前2～4天有传染性。感冒在几天内在人人间传播。当被感染的人咳嗽，打喷嚏或说话时，含有病毒的小液滴被释放出来。如果这些由其他人吸入，病毒就会进入鼻子或者气管。
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2. Colds may also be passed through direct contact. If a person with a cold touches his runny nose or watery eyes, then shakes hands with another person some of the virus is transferred to the uninfected person. If that person then touches his mouth, nose, or eyes, the virus is transferred to an environment where it can reproduce and cause a cold. 2.感冒也可以通过直接接触传染。如果一个患了感冒的人摸了他流鼻涕的鼻子或者流眼泪的眼睛，然后和其他人握手，那么一些感冒病毒就会被转移到未受感染的人身上。如果该人再接触自己的口、鼻或眼睛，病毒就进入了这个人的体内，并且复制，引发感冒。
. Waral dи,
3. Finally, cold viruses can be spread through inanimate objects (door knobs, telephones, toys) that become contaminated with the virus. This is a common method of transmission in child care centers. If a child with a cold touches his runny nose, then plays with a toy, some of the virus may be transferred to the toy. When another child plays with the toy a short time later, he may pick up some of the virus on his hands. The second child then touches his contaminated hands to his eyes, nose, or mouth and transfers some of the cold virus to himself. 3. 最后，感冒病毒的传播可以通过被感冒病毒污染了的无生命物体（如门把手，电话机，玩具）传播，这是一个在托儿所传播的常见途径。如果带有感冒病毒的孩子摸了他的鼻涕，然后再去玩玩具，一些病毒就会被转移到玩具上。当另一个孩子又去玩玩具的时候，他的手就会接触到一些病毒。当第二个孩子用手摸自己的眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴的时候，一些感冒病毒也会进入他的体内。
我什么时候说“躺着就中枪”？我说大气和水是代指我们的生活环境。。生活环境里有许多病毒，也包括感冒病毒. ----
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Once acquired, the cold virus attaches itself to the lining of the nasal passages and sinuses. This causes the infected cells to release a chemical called histamine. Histamine increases the blood flow to the infected cells, causing swelling, congestion, and increased mucus production. Within one to three days the infected person begins to show cold symptoms.
一旦进入体内，感冒病毒就会附着在鼻腔和鼻窦内衬上。这会导致受感染的细胞释放出组胺（一种化学物质）。组胺会增加血流量，引起细胞肿胀，充血，增加黏液的生产。一至三天内被感染的人开始显示感冒症状。
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The first cold symptoms are a tickle in the throat, runny nose, and sneezing. The initial discharge from the nose is clear and thin. Later it changes to a thick yellow or greenish discharge. Most adults do not develop a fever when they catch a cold. Young children may develop a low fever of up to 102°F (38.9°C). 第一个感冒的症状是喉咙发痒，流鼻涕，打喷嚏。鼻涕一开始是清澈的，后来变为黄色或绿色。大多数成年人不会发烧，年轻的孩子可能会有102华氏度（38.9℃）的低烧。
-baidu 1point3acres
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In addition to a runny nose and fever, signs of a cold include coughing, sneezing, nasal congestion, headache, muscle ache, chills, sore throat, hoarseness, watery eyes, tiredness, and lack of appetite. The cough that accompanies a cold is usually intermittent and dry. 除了流鼻涕，发烧，感冒症状还包括咳嗽，打喷嚏，鼻塞，头痛，肌肉酸痛，畏寒，喉咙痛，声音嘶哑，水汪汪的眼睛，疲倦，和食欲不振。感冒伴随的咳嗽通常是间歇性的干咳。
Most people begin to feel better four to five days after their cold symptoms become noticeable. All symptoms are generally gone within ten days, except for a dry cough that may linger for up to three weeks. 大多数人在感冒症状出现的4到5天内开始好转。所有症状通常在10天内消失，除了干咳可能会持续长达四周。
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Colds make people more susceptible to bacterial infections such as strep throat, middle ear infections, and sinus infections. A person whose cold does not begin to improve within a week; or who experiences chest pain, fever for more than a few days, difficulty breathing, bluish lips or fingernails, a cough that brings up greenish-yellow or grayish sputum, skin rash, swollen glands, or whitish spots on the tonsils or throat should consult a doctor to see if they have acquired a secondary bacterial infection that needs to be treated with an antibiotic. 感冒使人们更容易被细菌感染，如咽喉炎，中耳炎和鼻窦感染。如果一个人的感冒没有在一个星期内改善，或有超过数天的胸痛、呼吸困难、嘴唇或指甲蓝、绿色，黄色或灰色痰，皮疹，淋巴结肿大，或在扁桃体、咽喉有白色斑点，应去看医生，看看是否已经有了需要用抗生素治疗的继发细菌感染。
People who have emphysema, chronic lung disease, diabetes, or a weakened immune system—either from diseases such as AIDS or leukemia, or as the result of medications, (corticosteroids, chemotherapy drugs)—should consult their doctor if they get a cold. People with these health problems are more likely to get a secondary infection
有肺气肿，慢性肺疾病，糖尿病或免疫系统衰弱（无论是由艾滋病或白血病，还是类固醇、化疗药物导致的）的人，如果得了感冒，应去看医生。有这些健康问题的人更容易被细菌继发感染。
Source：
The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Deirdre S. Blanchfield and Jacqueline L. Longe. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale, 2002. p869-872
2002年的呀。。。都过时10年了。。
好吧，我们来翻翻书。
首先我们明确一下，Gale上说的感冒病毒可能增加细菌感染的几率，产生继发性细菌感染的病是strep throat, middle ear infections, and sinus infections，即咽喉炎，中耳炎和鼻窦炎，没有扁桃体炎。.google и
然后，我要告诉你，医学上说的“炎症”，指得就是细菌感染，用抗生素治疗。病毒感染能不能叫炎症，我是没听过，希望你给个source。
查书的话，我们就来查这个strep throat吧：
The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Deirdre S. Blanchfield and Jacqueline L. Longe. Vol. 4. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale, 2002. p3177-3180.
（这本书3500页，寒）
Streptococcal sore throat, or strep throat as it is more commonly called, is an infection of the mucous membranes lining the pharynx. Sometimes the tonsils are also infected (tonsillitis). The disease is caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria. Untreated strep throat may develop into rheumatic fever or other serious conditions.
Strep throat is the inflammation and infection of throat and its surrounding areas. Basically strep throat is a bacterial infection and is caused by bacteria called as: streptococcus. . check 1point3acres for more. The name of the disease: strep throat is derived from the name of bacteria causing it.
The major symptoms of this disease are: swelling of lymph nodes, inflammation in throat and in very severe cases, fever and rashes on the body. Most of the people think that strep throat is caused by virus, which is a misconception and there is no such thing as viral strep throat.
Sores in the throat are also caused by viruses and the infection is viral infection but that infection is termed as soar throat not viral strep throat.
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当然，你可以说这个网站骗人的。那好吧，Gale里的Sore Throat词条也是这么说的。篇幅所限，不引了。source是：
The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Deirdre S. Blanchfield and Jacqueline L. Longe. Vol. 4. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale, 2002. p3117-3120.
Source：
The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Deirdre S. Blanchfield and Jacqueline L. Longe. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale, 2002. p869-872
2002年的呀。。。都过时10年了。。
我说的“病毒性咽喉炎”说法不够准确，应该是“病毒性咽喉感染”。。。不过日常生活中，很多人是这么叫的。。again，不科学
查书的话，我们就来查这个strep throat吧：.google и
The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Deirdre S. Blanchfield and Jacqueline L. Longe. Vol. 4. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale, 2002. p3177-3180.
（这本书3500页，寒）
Streptococcal sore throat, or strep throat as it is more commonly called, is an infection of the mucous membranes lining the pharynx. Sometimes the tonsils are also infected (tonsillitis). The disease is caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria. Untreated strep throat may develop into rheumatic fever or other serious conditions.
. check 1point3acres for more.
希望你看明白了加大加红的那一句。 在咽喉炎词条下，通篇没有一个virus、vital。我不得不怀疑，到底有没有“病毒性咽喉炎”这种东西。
于是我查到了这个：
http://www.strepthroatremedies.com/viral-strep-throat/
里面上来就说：
Strep throat is the inflammation and infection of throat and its surrounding areas. Basically strep throat is a bacterial infection and is caused by bacteria called as: streptococcus. . 1point 3acres The name of the disease: strep throat is derived from the name of bacteria causing it.
The major symptoms of this disease are: swelling of lymph nodes, inflammation in throat and in very severe cases, fever and rashes on the body. Most of the people think that strep throat is caused by virus, which is a misconception and there is no such thing as viral strep throat.
Sores in the throat are also caused by viruses and the infection is viral infection but that infection is termed as soar throat not viral strep throat.
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核心语句：.google и
1. Strep throat是由streptococcus这种细菌引起的，也由此得名。
2. 没有病毒性咽喉炎这种东西。
3. 咽喉痛（sore throat）这个症状可能是细菌引起的(比如strep throat咽喉炎的症状就包括咽喉痛)，或者由病毒引起(比如common cold的症状里也包括咽喉痛)。
. check 1point3acres for more.
当然，你可以说这个网站骗人的。那好吧，Gale里的Sore Throat词条也是这么说的。篇幅所限，不引了。source是：
The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Deirdre S. Blanchfield and Jacqueline L. Longe. Vol. 4. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale, 2002. p3117-3120.
Are you wondering if your sore throat requires antibiotics? Strep throat, named for the Streptococcus bacterium that causes the condition, is a particularly severe form of sore throat that is best treated with antibiotics. Strep throat can strike both children and adults, but only about five to ten percent of sore throats are caused by a bacterial infection. Most sore throats are caused by viral illnesses and are not responsive to treatment with antibiotics.
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讨论了半天就是几个医学上的概念罢了
