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chrishacker 发表于 2013-4-1 06:42 ![]()
刚找到这个:http://monthlyreview.org/2009/05/01/why-socialism
好长啊。前面都看睡着了。
其实说了半天,爱因斯坦就是先说资本主义的那些“问题”(虽然其实不是问题……):
what the worker receives is determined not by the real value of the goods he produces, but by his minimum needs and by the capitalists’ requirements for labor power in relation to the number of workers competing for jobs.
然后说资本家控制信息,威胁普通人的民主政治权利(可惜他老人家没活到有互联网的今天)
private capitalists inevitably control, directly or indirectly, the main sources of information (press, radio, education). It is thus extremely difficult, and indeed in most cases quite impossible, for the individual citizen to come to objective conclusions and to make intelligent use of his political rights.
最后他赞成计划经济,基本就是空想社会主义那一套乌托邦嘛:
I am convinced there is only one way to eliminate these grave evils, namely through the establishment of a socialist economy, accompanied by an educational system which would be oriented toward social goals. In such an economy, the means of production are owned by society itself and are utilized in a planned fashion. A planned economy, which adjusts production to the needs of the community, would distribute the work to be done among all those able to work and would guarantee a livelihood to every man, woman, and child.
然后他也承认,计划经济还不是社会主义。就算能做到所谓的计划经济、按需分配(which is obviously impossible in the near future),社会主义的最大问题是怎么防止中央集权的独裁?
Nevertheless, it is necessary to remember that a planned economy is not yet socialism. The achievement of socialism requires the solution of some extremely difficult socio-political problems: how is it possible, in view of the far-reaching centralization of political and economic power, to prevent bureaucracy from becoming all-powerful and overweening?
很显然,历史已经给了我们血淋淋的教训,这是不可能的。社会主义下的人比他所谓的受“资本家”控制的媒体影响的资本主义的人还要惨,政治权利还要少。
爱因斯坦清楚不?他当然清楚这一点。所以他最后说的是什么?
Clarity about the aims and problems of socialism is of greatest significance in our age of transition. Since, under present circumstances, free and unhindered discussion of these problems has come under a powerful taboo, I consider the foundation of this magazine to be an important public service.
所以总结一下,爱因斯坦不过是支持理想状况下的计划经济,然后倡导大家讨论社会主义的可行性、如何避免独裁。他认为这一讨论是有意义的,而不应该视为禁忌。要说他是共产主义者,我觉得还没到那个份儿上。
支持计划经济是他的自由,虽然他描述的乌托邦计划经济可能永远也不可能实现。倡导大家讨论这是言论自由,在今天已经可以公开讨论了,虽然讨论的结果是——避免独裁基本没戏嘛…… |
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