以上的portfolio其实在 the random walk down wall street by Burton Malkiel一书中有所提到,该作者指出使用以上portfolio即使在 00-08年US stock 整体萎靡下,也能获得40%的增长。
虽然我也研读了该书,理论都懂,但每次打开 vanguard emerging market index fund (VEMAX) 的主页,看到过去十年基本在一个点上下浮动,又默默的关上了。所以导致我个人portfolio基本只有 SP500。
什么是 tax loss harvesting?
你卖股票的获利,包括dividend都叫 capital gain,如果是一年内的买卖是short-term captial gain就会跟你的income一个tax bucket,持有一年再买就是long-term capital gain,一般是15% federal。同样的,如果你是亏钱卖的股票,这部分叫做capital loss,short-term capital loss 能抵 short-term capital gain,long-term capital loss 抵 long-term capital gain。要是capital loss抵不完,还可以carry over。
那有些聪明的同学就会想,我能不能卖了VOO(亏钱状态)同一天,用存的cash 买VOO,虽然我的持仓没变,但我今年的税表上就有了realized capital loss,而我新买的VOO还没卖,所有没有realized,空手套白狼?
那聪明的IRS已经考虑到了这种情况:上面这个叫做wash sales,IRS规定,如果你在卖出一个stock有realized loss前后三十天内,购买了 substaintially similar 的stock,那你的realized loss就不能用来抵税。
我看了一篇wealthfront的博客是这么说的:
We rebalance in the most tax efficient way we can by purchasing ETFs whenever deposits are made or dividends are earned to add to asset classes that are underweight relative to their goal.
We sell ETFs upon withdrawals to reduce over-weighted asset classes. We also buy or sell ETFs that represent asset classes that have gone above or below a prescribed threshold for their asset allocation.