北极圈内气温飙升至38摄氏度，重燃野火，正以创纪录的速度释放二氧化碳

6月份，在北极圈肆虐的大火共排放了1630万公吨的碳，约等于6000万公吨的二氧化碳。根据欧洲哥白尼大气监测局的数据，这至少是2003年以来的最高纪录，几乎是2018年同期的9倍。

北极地区温度飙升的速度是世界其他地区的两倍，而导致海冰融化的速度也比科学家预测的要快。从西伯利亚蔓延到北极的暖空气并不会直接导致野火，但加上降水少和土壤湿度低这两个条件，则会导致火灾蔓延。大火通常会烧过西伯利亚的森林和泥炭地，这个地区横跨整个俄罗斯北部，是世界上面积最大的森林。这些广袤平原上干燥的植被会在冬季的积雪下燃烧，这样的火灾被称为“僵尸火”。今年5月，北极一些地区监测到的温度比平时高16摄氏度，西伯利亚的韦尔霍扬斯克镇上个月温度达到了38摄氏度。卫星记录显示，高温正在重新点燃这些“僵尸火”。

Arctic fires emitted 16.3 million metric tons of carbon — or about 60 million metric tons of carbon dioxide — in June. That’s the highest since at least 2003 and almost nine times more than the same month in 2018, according to data from Europe’s Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. The previous June record was registered last year, when fires were the worst on record.

The Arctic region is heating twice as fast as the rest of the world, leading to sea ice melting faster than scientists forecast. The warm air spreading from Siberia across the Arctic doesn’t directly cause wildfires, but coupled with low soil moisture levels and low precipitation, it can contribute to ripe conditions for fires to spread. This year some parts of the Arctic registered temperatures as much as 16 degrees Celsius (29 Fahrenheit) higher than usual in May and the town of Verkhoyansk in Siberia hit 38 degrees Celsius (100.4 Fahrenheit) last month. The fire season, which usually starts in early May and picks up at the beginning of June started earlier, with satellites registering wildfires as soon as March. The fires typically burn through forests  and peatlands in Siberia, a region that straddles across all of northern Russia and is home to the world’s largest forest. The dry vegetation on these vast plains can burn under the snowpack of winter and Copernicus data from May suggested that high temperatures were reigniting these “zombie fires.”  source

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