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随着辉瑞和Moderna宣布其疫苗在预防冠状病毒方面的有效率超过95%和94%的消息出来后，惊喜之余，人们的注意力迅速转向了实际问题。因为如果疫苗获得最终监管批准，那么疫苗的生产和分销给全球约70亿人口带来了前所未有的物流挑战。
因为疫苗需要在特定的（和寒冷的）条件下生产和运输，否则它们可能会失效。比如辉瑞的疫苗要求储存温度为零下94华氏度，或-70摄氏度。相比之下，Moderna周一表示，它的疫苗在36到46华氏度（标准家用或医用冰箱的温度）下可以保持30天的稳定，可以在零下4华氏度的环境下储存长达6个月。所以温度也是对全球制药商在疫苗分销方面的巨大挑战。
而与Moderna建立合作关系的瑞士龙沙制药公司（ Lonza ），将在其总部位于美国和瑞士的设施中生产的疫苗成分正式名称为mRNA-1273。该公司计划每年生产400万剂疫苗，而每个接种疫苗的人都需要两剂疫苗，这家公司的美国研发中心的目标是2021年总剂量达到5亿到10亿剂。
龙沙公司董事长Albert Baehny在周三采访时说：“我们如果安装更多的生产线，每年也只能生产5亿剂以上的药物。所以很明显，如果我们想在未来每年都生产5亿剂以上，我们就需要在安装设备方面增加投资。”
“有几个问题，首先是速度。我们在10、11个月前才开始生产，现在我们正在北美生产第一批商业原料药，而且我们计划在一两周后在瑞士生产第一批商业批量，所以速度一直是个挑战。”
“第二个挑战是找到人。每一条生产线需要60-70名受过教育的人。我们已经安装了四条生产线，所以你必须识别和培训这些人。”
但是好的一点是，Moderna的疫苗生产合作伙伴Lonza说他们预计在分销方面不会有太多问题。
The news followed on from Pfizer and BioNTech’s equally positive news that their vaccine candidate was over 90% effective. The news from Moderna was hailed as a “game changer” and Pfizer’s chief executive described the vaccine achievement as “a great day for science and humanity.”
As the market revelry at the news continued, attention quickly turned to practical matters given the unprecedented logistical challenge posed by producing and distributing vaccines, should they receive final regulatory approval, to a global population of around 7 billion people. Moderna’s announcement earlier this week that its vaccine was more than 94% effective at preventing the coronavirus, according to preliminary trial data, raised global hopes further that a resolution to the pandemic that has killed over 1.3 million could be in sight.
The news followed on from Pfizer and BioNTech’s equally positive news that their vaccine candidate was over 90% effective. The news from Moderna was hailed as a “game changer” and Pfizer’s chief executive described the vaccine achievement as “a great day for science and humanity.”
As the market revelry at the news continued, attention quickly turned to practical matters given the unprecedented logistical challenge posed by producing and distributing vaccines, should they receive final regulatory approval, to a global population of around 7 billion people.
Swiss drugmaker Lonza has partnered with Moderna and says it aims to produce 400 million doses of the vaccine annually. The U.S. firm is aiming for 500 million to 1 billion doses in total for 2021. Anyone receiving the vaccine will require two doses, as with Pfizer’s shot, showing how long it could take, with the current manufacturing capacity, to vaccinate internationally.
Lonza will produce ingredients within Moderna’s vaccine, formally called mRNA-1273, in facilities in the U.S. and Switzerland, where it is headquartered. Company Chairman Albert Baehny told CNBC about the “big challenges” facing drugmakers like his when it comes to scaling up production.
“We can only produce more than 500 million doses a year if we install additional manufacturing lines, so it is clear that we need additional investments in installation if we want to produce more than 500 million (per year) in the future,” he told CNBC’s “Squawk Box Europe” on Wednesday.
Baehny identified more challenges to vaccine production that the company has had to confront since embarking on its partnership with Moderna.
“There are a few issues, the first is speed. We only started 10, 11 months ago and now we are producing the first commercial batches of the drug substance in North America, and we are planning the first batch of commercial volume in one or two weeks in Switzerland, so the speed has been a challenge.”
“The second challenge is to find the people. For each manufacturing line you need 60-70 educated persons. We’ve installed four manufacturing lines so you have to identify and train these people,” he said.
source
指尖新闻：高信噪比，一目了然
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