FELLOWSHIP: 首先来说fellowship.之所以说它是真正的奖学金,是因为fellowship的offer内并没有规定你的义务,至少在我们学校是这样的。可以大致认为给你了fellowship就可以躺着拿钱了。我们学校一般fellow 一给都是给一年的。然而,从我接触的朋友来看,一般拿到fellowship的同学真的躺着拿钱不干活整天还觉得不幸福的话,那么这哥们儿离凉也不远了。除了没有规定“义务”以外,fellowship跟Ta Ra最大的区别在于这笔收入是不上税的。就是因为这个不上税的特点导致我的小伙伴每月收入都比咱多一点(不代扣税)。具体条款其实IRS有给出,我贴在帖子的后面,有兴趣的同学可以自己去研究。fellow的来源其实必将广泛,有来自于学校的grant,其他学校的grant,然后校友捐赠啊什的。 不同的fellowship和scholarship包含的内容不太一样所以很难用统一的情况来说,我只能说,一般来说fellow会给付一定的学分以及每月给一些生活费,生活费的钱数跟本校的TA/RA的标准类似,上下会有浮动。当然还会有一些特殊的scholarship是为了解决特定的问题设立的,比如我自己就用过学校的一个特殊的奖学金补了毕业所缺的最后一个学分。
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然后说Ta和Ra。其实我认识的大部分(90%)同学都是拿的这两种钱,所以这也是我们说的最多的“奖学金”。然而,我其实一直不认为他是“奖学金”,也很赞同我们学校cssa的一个解释“TA/RA is not scholarship so it is NOT tax free.”其实我觉得与其说Ta/ Ra 是奖学金,不如说它们是助学金或者”劳动所得”,因为他们的offer中都规定了你的义务。我们学校工资是半月发的,ta和ra的每次发的钱数是一样的。
-baidu 1point3acres
RA:说来惭愧,我做了两年Ra,但是一直没加到过RA的offer letter。一般来说ra是 50%的FTE,也就是说这个岗位要求你一周做20小时的科研工作,而给你的钱是这20小时的报酬。一般Ra的来源是带你的老板拉来的funding(可以认为是老板的钱)。因为我自己没见过ra的offer letter,所以我不知道在聘书中是规定的每年工作9个月还是12个月(因为ta规定的是9个月)。不过我和朋友们一般都是能拿到12个月的钱。Ra每年给的学分数其实看老板了,我有的朋友是给20分有的给18分,这东西当然给的越多越好,其实吧,如果选的都是自己老板的research分数对于老板来说给18还是20区别不是特别大,所以我周围给20分的还是大多数。我听看到过自己offer的小伙伴说offer上写的也是1年的。
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IRS关于奖学金征税的解释
Topic No. 421 Scholarships, Fellowship Grants, and Other Grants
A scholarship is generally an amount paid or allowed to a student at an educational institution for the purpose of study. A fellowship grant is generally an amount paid or allowed to an individual for the purpose of study or research. Other types of grants include need-based grants (such as Pell Grants) and Fulbright grants.
Tax-Free
If you receive a scholarship, a fellowship grant, or other grant, all or part of the amounts you receive may be tax-free. Scholarships, fellowship grants, and other grants are tax-free if you meet the following conditions:. Χ
You're a candidate for a degree at an educational institution that maintains a regular faculty and curriculum and normally has a regularly enrolled body of students in attendance at the place where it carries on its educational activities; and
The amounts you receive are used to pay for tuition and fees required for enrollment or attendance at the educational institution, or for fees, books, supplies, and equipment required for courses at the educational institution..
Taxable
You must include in gross income:
Amounts used for incidental expenses, such as room and board, travel, and optional equipment.
Amounts received as payments for teaching, research, or other services required as a condition for receiving the scholarship or fellowship grant. However, you don't need to include in gross income any amounts you receive for services that are required by the National Health Service Corps Scholarship Program, the Armed Forces Health Professions Scholarship and Financial Assistance Program, or a comprehensive student work-learning-service program (as defined in section 448(e) of the Higher Education Act of 1965) operated by a work college.
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WPI CSSA关于TA/RA 收税的科普贴:
TA/RA is not scholarship so it is NOT tax free..1point3acres
Reference (related documents): WPI TAX Workshop on March Xth. See updated information in International House. .google и
Publication No. 519, 520, 901, IRB (Internal Revenue Bullitine).
Written in the treaty (artical 20), for students there are three items
under tax exemption. They are: 1. payments received from aboard; 2.
grants, fellowship and scholarship from tax exemption institution; 3. first.--
$5,000 personal income per taxable year.
The question boils down to if RA/TA belongs to scholarship/fellowhsip/grants
or payment for services (personal income). According to page 2 of -baidu 1point3acres
Pub 520, the answer is: RA/TA is payment for service, even as partial . 1point3acres
requirement for a degree. (Term "payment for service" is defined in this
page). So, RA/TA holders will enjoy tax exemption on the first $5,000 per
tax year.
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To claim this $5,000 tax exemption, go to Payroll office and file certain. 1point 3 acres
IRS forms (which are available at Payroll office) at the begining of each
tax year (Feb.) so that no income tax will be withheld for the first $5,000
per tax year. Or you can wait until the tax season and get it back through
tax returns (which means you will lose some interest income).