3. Lack of statistical power:没有足够的randomization units来detect the effect size,但得出no treatment effect的结论。比如计算得出每组需要1000个用户来达到80%的statistical power,如果试验结束后只有900个,结果不显著,也不能说明no treatment effect,因为test是underpowered的。这时需要继续收集到足够的数据。
第二类错误:忽略了一些影响因素导致结果无效. .и
1. Sample ratio mismatch: sample ratio between control and treatment is not as designed,比如1 (design ratio) vs 1.1 (observe ratio),test结果会受到影响。
常见原因:
bugs or problems in assigning users to different groups (ramping up plans, multiple experiments in parallel, segmentation is based on some attributes that can change over time等)
bug in the pipeline (比如test前filter out fraudulent users) that causes the false positive rate to be different in different groups
Debug方法:. check 1point3acres for more.
Gap upstream of the randomization point
Check if the variant assignment is done correctly
Look into the data processing pipeline
Check different segments of population
. ----
2. Violation of SUTVA (Stable unit treatment value assumption): A/B testing的一个假设是randomization units是互相独立没有interaction的,如果假设不满足,结果也不可靠。常见场景如social networks (Facebook),用户行为相互影响,或者是two-sided markets (Ebay, Uber and Lyft),control和treatment groups compete for the same resources。解决方法包括,在不同的地理位置分别选取control和treatment groups,尽量监测interference。
3. Changes in user’s behaviors: 包括novelty effect (更喜欢尝试新事物)和primacy effect(更喜欢现有的东西),常发生于initial period after users see a new product or feature。虽然无法解决,但可以monitor if such effects exist and quantify them,并在做决定时将这种影响去除。