操作方式:税后的钱先投到 traditional IRA,再转到 Roth IRA,需要申报 Form 8608 (点击看视频)
优点:变相提高 Roth IRA contribution limit
缺点:如果 traditional IRA 有 pre-tax money (没交过税到钱),需要遵循 pro rata rule,不能100%享受延迟交税福利。
mega backdoor Roth IRA:
从 after-tax 401k 转到 Roth IRA。Will Peterson 这位博主图文并茂讲的比较清楚(点击看视频):
方式1. split conversion: contributions 去 Roth IRA, earnings 去 Traditional IRA,暂时不用交税
方式2. in plan conversion 立即全部转去 Roth 401k,没有earnings,不交税。但是 Roth 401k 再转到 Roth IRA 如果有 earnings 可能要先对 earnings 交税?求确认
odering rules - 从 Roth IRA 中取钱,拿出钱必须遵循的排序:
a. Roth IRA contributions
b. non-taxable conversion dollars
c. taxable conversion dollars
d. Roth IRA earnings
我的理解是只要钱进了 Roth IRA,再取到这部分钱的时候最多只有罚金,没有税。因为钱进去的时候该交税的税都交上了。 source (图表很清楚)
pro rata rule
常用在 backdoor Roth IRA。
"If all of your traditional IRAs combined consist of, say, 70% pre-tax money and 30% after-tax money, that ratio determines what percentage of the money you convert to a Roth is going to be taxable. In this example, no matter how much money you convert or which IRA account you pull the money from, 70% of the amount you convert to the Roth will be taxable. You can't choose to convert only after-tax money; the IRS won't allow it.
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