托福TPO51 Reading Passage2 第14题答案中为什么选B不选E?

14题小站的答案为BCD，我选了CDE。
小站对选项E的解析为：E选项内容正确，但是属于细节信息，因此不选。但如果E能被判定为细节内容的话，那B选项（文末最后一句的信息）就更加细节了啊！

Passage 2 Surface Fluids On Venus And Earth
① A fluid is a substance, such as a liquid or gas, in which the component particles (usually molecules) can move past one another. Fluids flow easily and conform to the shape of their containers. The geologic processes related to the movement of fluids on a planet's surface can completely resurface a planet many times. These processes derive their energy from the Sun and the gravitational forces of the planet itself. As these fluids interact with surface materials, they move particles about or react chemically with them to modify or produce materials. On a solid planet with a hydrosphere and an atmosphere, only a tiny fraction of the planetary mass flows as surface fluids. Yet the movements of these fluids can drastically alter a planet. Consider Venus and Earth, both terrestrial planets with atmospheres.

② Venus and Earth are commonly regarded as twin planets but not identical twins. They are about the same size, are composed of roughly the same mix of materials, and may have been comparably endowed at their beginning with carbon dioxide and water. However, the twins evolved differently largely because of differences in their distance from the Sun. With a significant amount of internal heat, Venus may continue to be geologically active with volcanoes, rifting, and folding. [■] However, it lacks any sign of a hydrologic system (water circulation and distribution): there are no streams, lakes oceans or glaciers. [■] Space probes suggest that Venus may have started with as much water as Earth, but it was unable to keep its water in liquid form. [■] Because Venus receives more heat from the Sun, water released from the interior evaporated and rose to the upper atmosphere where the Sun's ultraviolet rays broke the molecules apart. [■] Much of the freed hydrogen escaped into space, and Venus lost its water. Without water, Venus became less and less like Earth and kept an atmosphere filled with carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide acts as a blanket, creating an intense greenhouse effect and driving surface temperatures high enough to melt lead and to prohibit the formation of carbonate minerals. Volcanoes continually vented more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. On Earth, liquid water removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and combines it with calcium, from rock weathering, to form carbonate sedimentary rocks. Without liquid water to remove carbon from the atmosphere, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Venus remains high.

③ Like Venus, Earth is large enough to be geologically active and for its gravitational field to hold an atmosphere. Unlike Venus, it is just the right distance from the Sun so that temperature ranges allow water to exist as a liquid, a solid, and a gas. Water is thus extremely mobile and moves rapidly over the planet in a continuous hydrologic cycle. Heated by the Sun, the water moves in great cycles from the oceans to the atmosphere, over the landscape in river systems, and ultimately back to the oceans. As a result, Earth's surface has been continually changed and eroded into delicate systems of river valleys - a remarkable contrast to the surfaces of other planetary bodies where impact craters dominate. Few areas on Earth have been untouched by flowing water. As a result, river valleys are the dominant feature of its landscape. Similarly, wind action has scoured fine particles away from large areas, depositing them elsewhere as vast sand seas dominated by dunes or in sheets of loess (fine-grained soil deposits). These fluid movements are caused by gravity flow systems energized by heat from the Sun. Other geologic changes occur when the gases in the atmosphere or water react with rocks at the surface to form new chemical compounds with different properties. An important example of this process was the removal of most of Earths carbon dioxide from its atmosphere to form carbonate rocks. However, if Earth were a little closer to the Sun, its oceans would evaporate; if it were farther from the Sun, the oceans would freeze solid. Because liquid water was present, self-replicating molecules of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen developed life early in Earth's history and have radically modified its surface, blanketing huge parts of the continents with greenery. Life thrives on this planet, and it helped create the planet's oxygen- and nitrogen-rich atmosphere and moderate temperatures.

Q14: Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
Over time, the movement of surface fluids has greatly changed Venus and Earth.
A. Although Venus is about the same size as Earth, its greater volcanic activity has added considerably to carbon dioxide levels in its atmosphere.
B. Like Venus Earth has an atmosphere, but Earth's atmosphere has far more oxygen and nitrogen than does the atmosphere of Venus.
C. On Earth, chemical reactions involving fluids remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by giving rise to carbonate rocks, and winds energized by gravity flow systems move fine particles from one place to another.  
. ----D. Because Venus lost the water it originally had, most of its carbon dioxide remained in its atmosphere, causing the planet to become very warm.
E. On Earth, the dominance of river valley landscapes and the existence of life are due to the planet s hydrologic cycle.
F. The evaporation of liquid water from Earth's surface is largely limited by the life forms that have developed, particularly the vegetation.

Summary题本质还是要summarize PASSAGE。“细节信息”指的是E选项虽然summarize了一长句，但它对应的句子本身是细节性的（用细节解释为什么liquid water和hydrologic cycle的存在使地球区别于金星），B虽然几乎是照搬了一句话，但它搬的这句话在原文中就是起到总结作用的（金星和地球的一大区别是大气层成分的不同）所以选B。
换个角度解释：没有错误信息的情况下，托福阅读缩句和总结题的一大技巧是看主语，B的主语是Earth，E的主语是the dominance of river valley landscapes and the existence of life，拉出来一对比就很明显了

yf233 发表于 2018-10-2 01:21
Summary题本质还是要summarize PASSAGE。“细节信息”指的是E选项虽然summarize了一长句，但它对应的句子本 ...

谢谢解答！不好意思没看到消息提示以至这么晚回复>< 我也在10月那场成功分手啦～